<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7061784259311529797</id><updated>2011-12-24T02:06:39.215-08:00</updated><category term='Entrepreneurs'/><category term='else'/><category term='colledge'/><category term='Category Management'/><category term='komputer'/><category term='marketing'/><category term='Think'/><category term='liburan'/><category term='health'/><category term='With all Friend'/><category term='work'/><category term='expert system'/><category term='ഹെല്‍ത്ത്‌'/><title type='text'>WELCOME TO ENDRI BLOG</title><subtitle type='html'>Live Is My Inspiration &amp;amp; Love Is My Live</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Dede</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05004917547092378390</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='29' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pCptHLaJmzQ/TWXAB7OeW0I/AAAAAAAAAIM/_UlpBl3jG30/s220/images%2B%25286%2529.jpg'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>36</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7061784259311529797.post-7090871161134543007</id><published>2011-10-30T22:09:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-10-30T22:12:06.636-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Entrepreneurs'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Think'/><title type='text'>apa aja boleh</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-TXzQ7gbScdc/Tq4twoxW1iI/AAAAAAAAAMs/5cmrjyPNtIQ/s1600/pulsa%2Bprint%2B1x1.png"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 200px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-TXzQ7gbScdc/Tq4twoxW1iI/AAAAAAAAAMs/5cmrjyPNtIQ/s200/pulsa%2Bprint%2B1x1.png" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5669519294507439650" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;usaha baru, insyaallah&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7061784259311529797-7090871161134543007?l=endri-kusumah.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/feeds/7090871161134543007/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7061784259311529797&amp;postID=7090871161134543007' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/7090871161134543007'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/7090871161134543007'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/2011/10/usaha-baru-insyaallah.html' title='apa aja boleh'/><author><name>Dede</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05004917547092378390</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='29' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pCptHLaJmzQ/TWXAB7OeW0I/AAAAAAAAAIM/_UlpBl3jG30/s220/images%2B%25286%2529.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-TXzQ7gbScdc/Tq4twoxW1iI/AAAAAAAAAMs/5cmrjyPNtIQ/s72-c/pulsa%2Bprint%2B1x1.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7061784259311529797.post-4673040748834633038</id><published>2011-10-30T21:50:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-10-30T22:07:54.053-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='With all Friend'/><title type='text'>at jamal house</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WscVHnE2eHQ/Tq4tChHmAKI/AAAAAAAAAMU/SJrsDfwaEd0/s1600/IMG0355A.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WscVHnE2eHQ/Tq4tChHmAKI/AAAAAAAAAMU/SJrsDfwaEd0/s200/IMG0355A.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5669518502179242146" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Tmu0lkr_4vE/Tq4tB3EGvSI/AAAAAAAAAMI/kxC6Zwq92M0/s1600/IMG0356A.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Tmu0lkr_4vE/Tq4tB3EGvSI/AAAAAAAAAMI/kxC6Zwq92M0/s200/IMG0356A.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5669518490890321186" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bcCpXhqD7sg/Tq4tBoXb58I/AAAAAAAAAL4/Luilsfo4OCE/s1600/IMG0348A.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bcCpXhqD7sg/Tq4tBoXb58I/AAAAAAAAAL4/Luilsfo4OCE/s200/IMG0348A.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5669518486944868290" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-79Gdzh-jtHM/Tq4tBmGY6NI/AAAAAAAAALw/MIBBdy_-3Dk/s1600/IMG0347A.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-79Gdzh-jtHM/Tq4tBmGY6NI/AAAAAAAAALw/MIBBdy_-3Dk/s200/IMG0347A.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5669518486336497874" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IYwFKTNMyRQ/Tq4tDSQCM6I/AAAAAAAAAMg/s4z76Ww6vS8/s1600/IMG0354A.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IYwFKTNMyRQ/Tq4tDSQCM6I/AAAAAAAAAMg/s4z76Ww6vS8/s200/IMG0354A.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5669518515367981986" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ini lagi pada belajar ko gak serius hahaha&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7061784259311529797-4673040748834633038?l=endri-kusumah.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/feeds/4673040748834633038/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7061784259311529797&amp;postID=4673040748834633038' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/4673040748834633038'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/4673040748834633038'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/2011/10/house.html' title='at jamal house'/><author><name>Dede</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05004917547092378390</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='29' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pCptHLaJmzQ/TWXAB7OeW0I/AAAAAAAAAIM/_UlpBl3jG30/s220/images%2B%25286%2529.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WscVHnE2eHQ/Tq4tChHmAKI/AAAAAAAAAMU/SJrsDfwaEd0/s72-c/IMG0355A.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7061784259311529797.post-5903042129614967531</id><published>2011-04-25T23:58:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-10-31T00:00:34.107-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='else'/><title type='text'>add images</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7x_utsySCT0/Tq5HdgdzcJI/AAAAAAAAAM4/_xySZl5z6ks/s1600/PhotoFunia-298b4b.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 153px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7x_utsySCT0/Tq5HdgdzcJI/AAAAAAAAAM4/_xySZl5z6ks/s200/PhotoFunia-298b4b.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5669547553162752146" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-VIWC2-nNe10/Tq5HdzQo1vI/AAAAAAAAANI/DheHKc6gTqM/s1600/PhotoFunia-29a41b.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 133px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-VIWC2-nNe10/Tq5HdzQo1vI/AAAAAAAAANI/DheHKc6gTqM/s200/PhotoFunia-29a41b.gif" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5669547558207805170" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;lucu lucuan&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7061784259311529797-5903042129614967531?l=endri-kusumah.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/feeds/5903042129614967531/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7061784259311529797&amp;postID=5903042129614967531' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/5903042129614967531'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/5903042129614967531'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/2011/04/add-images.html' title='add images'/><author><name>Dede</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05004917547092378390</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='29' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pCptHLaJmzQ/TWXAB7OeW0I/AAAAAAAAAIM/_UlpBl3jG30/s220/images%2B%25286%2529.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7x_utsySCT0/Tq5HdgdzcJI/AAAAAAAAAM4/_xySZl5z6ks/s72-c/PhotoFunia-298b4b.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7061784259311529797.post-6793416265920093065</id><published>2011-03-08T05:08:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-03-08T05:11:14.794-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='health'/><title type='text'>What All Women Need To Know About Losing Weight After Pregnancy</title><content type='html'>When all the months of anticipation are finally over and your baby arrived, it's the start of something beautiful. While there is a lot of joy and pride that comes with being a new mother, there are some issues that will be tough to deal with. Life can get hectic and the pace of life can accelerate at a tremendous pace.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Of all the new challenges you will face, getting back in shape can be the hardest. During the nine months of pregnancy its inevitable that you will gain weight. Its part of the process and also normal to gain weight. Losing your pregnancy weight is not necessarily any more difficult than losing weight in general. What makes it hard though is much more related to the new lifestyle of being a mom.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Time is a real problem with a newborn. You will have almost no time for yourself and you cannot really afford to spend much time away from your new baby. Finding the time to exercise can be a real challenge. Its important that you try to start doing exercise as soon as possible. The sooner you can get active and get back in shape the better. Putting it off for too long can easily make you fall into a bad habit of inactivity. A great way to do this is to take you baby with you. Start by walking and if you are up for it and feel fit enough you can always get a running stroller and start getting your weight loss exercise without leaving your baby with someone else.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dieting will be the next step. If you are breastfeeding you need to be very careful with FAD diets or diet products of any kind. The truth is that its not really necessary either. In many ways it can be an inspiration to kick your eating habits into gear. If you eat healthy then your baby will be healthy. The real challenge is that you will be so busy preparing your baby's food that spending that extra time in the kitchen might seem like too much. It is important though and by simply taking these 2 steps you really can make great progress towards losing your pregnancy weight.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7061784259311529797-6793416265920093065?l=endri-kusumah.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/feeds/6793416265920093065/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7061784259311529797&amp;postID=6793416265920093065' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/6793416265920093065'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/6793416265920093065'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/2011/03/what-all-women-need-to-know-about.html' title='What All Women Need To Know About Losing Weight After Pregnancy'/><author><name>Dede</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05004917547092378390</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='29' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pCptHLaJmzQ/TWXAB7OeW0I/AAAAAAAAAIM/_UlpBl3jG30/s220/images%2B%25286%2529.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7061784259311529797.post-7678473672965236123</id><published>2011-03-08T04:45:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-03-08T04:46:26.187-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='marketing'/><title type='text'>Email Marketing</title><content type='html'>For doing so you will have to adopt various ways to let your potential customer see your business. This strategic placement of your business can be done by marketing tool. E-mail marketing is one of the many ways to market your business well. With the help of e-mails businesses have prospered in terms of enhanced turnovers. Its not just write a mail , get hold of addresses and send it . Every market has its own demands and choices which have to be kept in mind. What actually is behind the success of e-mail marketing? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Understand the customer that you have in your mind for your product. Many factors should motivate you to identify your target customer . It sometime pays, if you can deal with your customer in term of age. Every age group has away of appreciating certain language. You must adopt the words and language for youth that are applicable to their sage segment . It is about communicating and having your language appreciated by those you are targeting. Location should be determined if the product or services you are selling is possible in a particular area. Advertising wrong product in the right area is not good advertising. You want to use familiar language that farmers in these regions will easily identify with and at the end make them buy.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7061784259311529797-7678473672965236123?l=endri-kusumah.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/feeds/7678473672965236123/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7061784259311529797&amp;postID=7678473672965236123' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/7678473672965236123'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/7678473672965236123'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/2011/03/email-marketing.html' title='Email Marketing'/><author><name>Dede</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05004917547092378390</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='29' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pCptHLaJmzQ/TWXAB7OeW0I/AAAAAAAAAIM/_UlpBl3jG30/s220/images%2B%25286%2529.jpg'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7061784259311529797.post-2907741941013151882</id><published>2011-02-23T06:40:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-02-23T07:06:19.648-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ഹെല്‍ത്ത്‌'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='komputer'/><title type='text'>Laptop dan Ketidaksuburan</title><content type='html'>Cara Duduk Berpengaruh &lt;br /&gt;Mendekatkan kedua kaki menghasilkan panas skrotum yang tak diinginkan ketimbang panas laptop itu sendiri.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jika para pria bisa mencari cara untuk mengoperasikan komputer laptop dengan kaki agak terbuka, mereka mungkin bisa membatasi resiko ketidaksuburan, menurut temuan penelitian baru.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Memposisikan kaki tetap renggang ketika menggunakan laptop tidak akan menghasilkan panas berlebihan pada bagian skrotum ketimbang mendekatkan kedua kaki, para ilmuwan melaporkan temuan tersebut lewat internet di Fertility and Sterility pada tanggal 8 November 2010. Menempatkan pelindung di bawah laptop nampaknya tidak membantu mengatasi panas tersebut.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Skrotum yang panas bukan bahan tertawaan. Testis pada umumnya 2 atau 4 derajat Celsius lebih dingin dari temperatur standar tubuh yang merupakan lingkungan unik kondusif terhadap sifat pembelahan cepat sel-sel sperma. Memanaskan bagian tersebut bisa memicu tekanan oksidatif, memperlambat gerakan sperma dan mengurangi kemampuan mereka untuk membuahi sebuah telur selama berminggu-minggu atau berbulan-bulan, kata Edmund Sabanegh yang merupakan seorang urolog di Klinik Cleveland di Ohio. Demikian seperti yang dikutip dari ScienceNews, (10/11/10).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dalam studi baru tersebut, urolog Yefim Sheynkin dari Universitas Stony Brook di New York dan para koleganya mendaftarkan 29 pria berumur 21 hingga 35 tahun untuk berpartisipasi dalam tiga tes di mana setiap pria mengoperasikan sebuah komputer laptop di atas pahanya selama satu jam. Tes pertama memerlukan pendekatan kedua paha ketika menggunakan laptop tersebut. Tes kedua membutuhkan posisi yang sama tapi dengan pelindung terpasang di bawah laptop. Tes ketiga memperkenankan para pria untuk meregangkan kaki mereka pada sudut 70 derajat ketika mereka menggunakan laptop dengan pelindung untuk menahan laptop yang cukup lebar untuk menjangkau kedua kaki dan menstabilkan komputer itu.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Setiap pria menyelesaikan ketiga tes tersebut, tapi hanya melakukan satu tes per hari. Sebelum setiap eksperimen, sensor-sensor merekam temperatur skrotum tiap-tiap relawan dan merekam setiap perubahan selama sesi tes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Penggunaan laptop pada ketiga tes meningkatkan temperatur skrotum pria secara signifikan dari waktu sebelum tes, tapi menjaga kaki tetap terbuka membatasi kenaikan ini sekitar 1,4 derajat Celsius selama waktu tes. Ketika kaki dirapatkan temperatur naik 2,2 derajat jika menggunakan pelindung dan 2,3 derajat tanpa pelindung.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lebih lagi, butuh waktu rata-rata 28 menit bagi temperatur skrotum untuk naik 1 derajat Celsius ketika para pria meregangkan kaki mereka, tapi hanya 14 menit untuk meningkatkan temperatur seperti itu ketika mereka mendekatkan kaki mereka dengan pelindung dan 11 menit tanpa pelindung.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Mendekatkan kaki seperti kebanyakan orang menggunakan laptop memang nampaknya merupakan yang terburuk," tutur Sabanegh. "Hal ini sangat masuk akal."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pelindung laptop yang juga disebut laptop pads atau trays dijual di internet dan di toko komputer atau alat-alat perkantoran walaupun pada umumnya tidak begitu protektif, kata Sheynkin. Dia merekomendasikan bahwa para pria menempatkan laptop di atas meja yang memungkinkan mereka untuk bebas menggerakkan kaki mereka dan menghindari terjebak pada posisi tunggal untuk periode yang cukup lama.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sabanegh mengatakan bahwa banyak pria sudah memahami resiko peningkatan temperatur skrotum. Walaupun panas seperti itu tidak selalu menjadi masalah utama bagi pasangan yang memiliki masalah kesuburan, itu merupakan bagian konseling. "Aku akan mengatakan kepada mereka, 'Cobalah untuk menjadi sehat di segala bidang yang bisa anda lakukan.' Hal itu berarti berhentilah menaruh laptop pada pangkuan anda, berhentilah menggunakan bak mandi panas dan hal lain seperti itu."&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7061784259311529797-2907741941013151882?l=endri-kusumah.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.fertstert.org/article/S0015-0282(10)02689-0/abstract' title='Laptop dan Ketidaksuburan'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/2907741941013151882'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/2907741941013151882'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/2011/02/laptop-dan-ketidaksuburan.html' title='Laptop dan Ketidaksuburan'/><author><name>Dede</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05004917547092378390</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='29' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pCptHLaJmzQ/TWXAB7OeW0I/AAAAAAAAAIM/_UlpBl3jG30/s220/images%2B%25286%2529.jpg'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7061784259311529797.post-5630217731547845536</id><published>2011-02-23T03:37:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-02-23T03:38:14.138-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='health'/><title type='text'>10 Makanan Sehari-hari</title><content type='html'>&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt;Ketika kadar kolesterol darah kita meninggi, selama ini kita hanya diberi tahu harus berpantang makanan ini-itu untuk mengendalikannya. Padahal, akan lebih efektif hasilnya jika kita juga mengonsumsi makanan bersifat antikolesterol. Apa sajakah?&lt;span style="COLOR: #030000"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt;Cara mengendalikan kadar kolesterol dengan metode terapi nutrisi adalah makan lebih banyak bahan nabati dan mengganti lemak berbahaya dengan lemak sehat. Mengonsumsi lebih banyak makanan nabati akan meningkatkan asupan protein nabati, yang bekhasiat menurunkan kadar kolesterol berlebih. Lemak jenuh (contohnya lemak hewan, mentega), lemak trans, (misalnya margarin, minyak jelantah), dan kolesterol dalam makanan (seperti kuning telur, daging berlemak) secara nyata menaikkan kadar kolesterol darah. Contoh lemak sehat diantaranya minyak canola, minyak zaitun, alpukat, kacang tanah, almond.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt;Nah, guna membantu mengendalikan kadar kolesterol agar tetap sehat, cobalah mulai lebih sering memasukkan makanan berikut dalam menu harian Anda.&lt;span style="COLOR: #030000"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;1. Jamur&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="COLOR: #030000"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt;Kaya kromium, mineral yang membantu memecah lemak menjadi senyawa sederhana, yakni asam-asam lemak. Aktivitas ini membantu menyusutkan kadar "lemak jahat" LDL dan meningkatkan kadar "lemak baik" HDL. Cukup asupan vitamin C bermanfaat meningkatkan penyerapan kromium. Sumber lain kromium adalah kacang-kacnagan, seperti kenari, kacang tanah, kacang mete, almond.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="COLOR: #030000"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2. Kuaci tawar&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="COLOR: #030000"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt;Selama ini kuaci kita sepelekan, padahal banyak mengandugn zat tembaga. Pola makan rendah asupan tembaga berkaitan dengan naiknya kadar "kolesterol jahat" LDL dan terbatasnya "kolesterol baik" HDL. Karena itu, lebih sering nikmati kuaci, terutama yang tawar, baik kuaci biji labu maupun biji bunga matahari.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="COLOR: #030000"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;3. Jeruk nipis&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="COLOR: #030000"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt;Diantara beragam jenis jeruk, jeruk nipis atau jeruk lemon adalah yang paling banyak mengandung flavonoid. Senyawa ini mampu menghambat produksi "kolesterol jahat" LDL berlebihan, sehingga mengurangi risiko serangan jantung. Flavonoid bisa pula diperoleh dalam teh, brokoli, tomat, kedelai, bawang berlapis-lapis seperti bawang merah dan bawang bombai, delima. Bagaimana mengonsumsi jeruk nipis atau jeruk lemon? Mudah saja. Campurkan sesendok makan air jeruk dalam air putih atau jus buah.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="COLOR: #030000"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;4. Apel&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="COLOR: #030000"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt;Serat larut yang banyak terdapat dalam apel, apalagi yang dimakan bersama kulitnya, merupakan sumber betaglukan (beta glucan). Di dalam tubuh, betaglukan ikut berperan mengontrol penyerapan dan produksi kolesterol. Makin tinggi mengendalikan kadar kolesterol dalam darah. Sumber lain: pepaya, buah-buahan yang dimakan bersama kulitnya (apel pear), wortel, kapri dan sayuran polong-polongan lain pada umumnya (buncis, kecipir, kacang panjang), polong-polongan kering (kacang hijau, kacang merah, kacang tolo), beras merah.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;5. &lt;?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /&gt;&lt;st1:state st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;kan&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:State&gt; tuna&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="COLOR: #030000"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt;Termasuk sumber asam lemak mega 3 yang populer, selain ikan salmon dan makarel. Dalam satu hasil penelitian terhadap penduduk yang secara alami pengosumsi banyak ikan, jumlah mereka yang menderita penyakit jantung ternyata sangat rendah. Omega-3 secara khusus melindungi tubuh terhadap kenaikan kadar "kolesterol jahat" LDL.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="COLOR: #030000"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;6. Jambu-biji merah&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="COLOR: #030000"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt;Sama seperti semangka merah dan tomat merah, jambu-biji merah ini kaya likopen. Dalam sebuah riset, sejumlah pengidap hiperkolesterol diberi makanan sumber likopen secara rutin setiap hari. Setelah 3 bulan, kadar "kolesterol jahat" LDL mereka menyusut 14 persen. Likopen berkaitan dengan kerja enzim HMGCoA-reduktase, yang ikut berperan dalam mengendalikan produksi kolesterol.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="COLOR: #030000"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;7. Alpukat&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="COLOR: #030000"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt;Asam pantotenat merupakan senyawa paling menonjol dalam alpukat yang berperan meredam kadar kolesterol darah. Asupan asam pantotenat, yang disebut juga vitamin B5, di dalam tubuh akan diubah menjadi pantetin. Ketika seseorang banyak mengonsumsi bahan makanan berlimpah asam pantotenat, pantetin dalam darahnya meningkat. Pada saat itu juga, kadar lemak darah menurun, khususnya "kolesterol jahat" LDL. Sebaliknya, kadar "kolesterol baik" HDL-nya meningkat. Sumber lain asam pantotenat: kuaci tawar biji bunga matahari, jamur, yogurt, ikan salmon.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="COLOR: #030000"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;8. &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;Tempe&lt;/st1:City&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="COLOR: #030000"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt;Makanan rakyat ini berlimpah dengan senyawa fitokimiawi isoflavon, yang bersifat antikolesterol. Banyak juga terdapat dalam tahu dan susu kedelai. Berkhasiat menyusutkan kadar "kolesterol jahat" LDL, termasuk kolesterol total. Sebaliknya, isoflavon menggenjot kadar "kolesterol baik" HDL yang berperan mencegah penyakit jantung.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="COLOR: #030000"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;9. Kacang tanah&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="COLOR: #030000"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt;Kacang kulit, yakni kacang tanah berkulit yang dipanggang dalam oven, mungkin ada baiknya dijadikan camilan sehat. Bukan karena terpengaruh iklan, tapi kacang panggang berkulit ini memang berlimpah lemak sehat sekaligus kaya vitamin &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;E. Sumber&lt;/st1:place&gt; lain vitamin E; alpukat, kuaci tawar biji bunga matahari, almond. Vitamin E "mengunci" radikal bebas agar tidak merusak "kolesterol jahat" LDL sehingga pembentukan plak di dinding pembuluh darah dapat dihindari dan mencegah serangan jantung.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="COLOR: #030000"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;10. Mangga&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="COLOR: #030000"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt;Vitamin C banyak terdapat dalam mangga. Sumber lainnya: belimbing, aneka jenis jeruk (jeruk bali, jeruk keprok, dll), kedondo&lt;span style="mso-ansi-language: FR" lang="FR"&gt;ng, pepaya, rambutan, strawberry, kiwi. Selain buah, beberapa jenis sayuran yang disantap mentah pun merupakan sumber vitamin C yang potensial, seperti kol, terutama kol merah, cabai merah, paprika merah. Vitamin C mencegah "kolesterol jahat" LDL teroksidasi, sehingga menghindarkan terbentuknya plak di dinding pembuluh darah. Sebaliknya, vitamin C mampu membantu meningkatkan kadar "kolesterol baik" HDL. Vitamin C juga memperkuat peranan vitamin E, sesama senyawa antioksidan kuat sebagaimana vitamin C, dalam menghalangi meningkatnya kadar kolesterol darah.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-ansi-language: FR" lang="FR"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="COLOR: #030000; mso-ansi-language: FR" lang="FR"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="mso-ansi-language: FR" lang="FR"&gt;Sumber: Majalah Nirmala dan browsing internet 17/09/05&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="COLOR: #030000"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7061784259311529797-5630217731547845536?l=endri-kusumah.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/5630217731547845536'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/5630217731547845536'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/2011/02/10-makanan-sehari-hari.html' title='10 Makanan Sehari-hari'/><author><name>Dede</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05004917547092378390</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='29' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pCptHLaJmzQ/TWXAB7OeW0I/AAAAAAAAAIM/_UlpBl3jG30/s220/images%2B%25286%2529.jpg'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7061784259311529797.post-8729117326961702338</id><published>2011-01-15T09:06:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-03-08T04:49:32.117-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Category Management'/><title type='text'>What’s the meaning Letter “S” in spaceman (plan[o]gram)</title><content type='html'>&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-ansi-language: ENfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:18;" lang="EN"  &gt;&lt;a title="What’s the meaning Letter “S” in spaceman (plan[o]gram)" href="http://papathong.wordpress.com/2010/05/12/what%e2%80%99s-the-meaning-letter-%e2%80%9cs%e2%80%9d-in-spaceman-planogram/"&gt;&lt;span style="color:blue;"&gt;What’s the meaning Letter “S” in spaceman (plan[o]gram)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-ansi-language: ENfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" lang="EN"  &gt;Superman hanya hidup di dunia rekaan manusia. Kita kenal tokoh komik populer ini: datang dari planet Krypton, berjubah merah, berkostum ketat warna biru, dengan lambang ‘S’ warna merah kuning di dadanya. Dia tampan dan atletis. Dan kemampuannya bikin kita takjub: dia terbang melawan gravitasi, badan kebal peluru, penglihatan tembus-pandang, telinga super-tajam, gerakan super-cepat dan segudang kemampuan super lainnya.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-ansi-language: ENfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" lang="EN"  &gt;Dengan kekuatannya itu, Superman mengalahkan musuh-musuhnya, menyelamatkan dunia dari ancaman para penjahat, membantu memadamkan kebakaran, membendung tanggul kota yang hancur, menegakkan Menara Miring Pisa, atau sekadar menyelamatkan kucing tetangga. Pendek kata, Superman adalah jagoan super yang baik hati. Dan sehari-harinya, Superman “menyamar” sebagai Clark Kent, wartawan kikuk berkacamata, yang menaruh hati pada Lois Lane, rekan kerjanya di suratkabar Daily Planet di kota Metropolis.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-ansi-language: ENfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" lang="EN"  &gt;(sumber : http://zine.rukukineruku.com/?p=143)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-ansi-language: ENfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" lang="EN"  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-ansi-language: ENfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" lang="EN"  &gt;Begitulah sekilas mengenai si manusia super yang super hebat dari segi fisik maupun non fisiknya. Nah apakah yang dimaksud dengan letter “S” didada si manusia super tersebut. Di wikipedia dijelaskan sebagai berikut :&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-ansi-language: ENfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" lang="EN"  &gt;Superman adalah karakter superhero pertama yang memakai eblem atau sebuah logo di dadanya. Rancangan karakter aslinya tidak memakai emblem apapun, tetapi karena perkembangan zaman dan waktu, maka ditambahkanlah Tanda “S” tersebut. Bagi para penciptanya “S” juga bisa berasal singkatan dari “Shield” (tameng). Bentuk original Logo nya adalah contekan dari Lencana Polisi di Amerika, tetapi setelah superman menjadi terkenal, logo itu lebih dikenal dengan sebutan “The Knight Shield”.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-ansi-language: ENfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" lang="EN"  &gt;Begitulah sekilas mengenai superman dan arti logo “S” nya. Akan tetapi didunia consumer goods arti “S” mempunyai arti yang berbeda. Di Consumer Goods sendiri ada sebuah departemen yang menamakan dirinya category management&lt;i&gt; (http://papathong.wordpress.com/2009/12/21/simple-understanding-8-steps-category-management/)&lt;/i&gt;. Ada sebuah keahlian yang mana mengatur sebuah space di suatu rak yang disebut dengan spaceman, yang mana spaceman tersebut berasal dari kata space and management.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-ansi-language: ENfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" lang="EN"  &gt;Selain itu spaceman sekarang sudah identik dengan suatu software untuk pengaturan tata letak suatu product di gondola baik di modern trade ataupun general trade, yang sekarang sering disebut dengan planogram &lt;i&gt;(http://papathong.wordpress.com/2009/11/&lt;/i&gt;).&lt;br /&gt;Untuk menguasai program tersebut, diperlukan keahlian seseorang dengan basic IT yang lumayan. Untuk itulah bila kita analogikan dengan Superman seorang Spaceman wajib memiliki criteria sebagai berikut :&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-ansi-language: ENfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" lang="EN"  &gt;1. Strong&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-ansi-language: ENfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" lang="EN"  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-ansi-language: ENfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" lang="EN"  &gt;Disini seorang spaceman harus kuat fisik, sebab dengan beban yang dibawanya berupa lepi kemana-mana tidaklah ringan terutama bila mereka harus visit ke HO untuk updatean planogram. Dan tidak lupa juga bila mereka akan melakukan implementasi di store/toko kemampuan fisik pun di uji dengan menaikan ataun membongkar rak/gondola dan product sesuai dengan planogram yang telah di approved oleh HO&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-ansi-language: ENfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" lang="EN"  &gt;2. Tall&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-ansi-language: ENfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" lang="EN"  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-ansi-language: ENfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" lang="EN"  &gt;Tinggi disini bukan berarti tinggi seperti seorang tokoh yang memerankan Superman, akan tetapi kemampuan dalam bidang IT yang sangat tinggi, baik dalam visual atapun dalam data. Sebab selain mereka harus mampu familiar dengan software yang digunakan, mereka terkadang harus mampu untuk bidang pengolahan datanya.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-ansi-language: ENfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" lang="EN"  &gt;3. Charming&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-ansi-language: ENfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" lang="EN"  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-ansi-language: ENfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" lang="EN"  &gt;Disini bukan berarti tampan seperti yang diperankan CR dalam superman, akan tetapi mereka harus charming dalam co-operative dengan clientnya. Dia juga harus pandai-pandai mengetahui bagaimana tawar-menawar dengan pihak took mengenai implementasi planogram. Dan pandai juga menerapkan Category Management sebagai toolsnya.&lt;br /&gt;Begitulah kira-kira, profile seorang spaceman, yang mana tugas mereka janganlah dianggap enteng semata, sebab dengan memanfaatkan spaceman kita pun bisa mengatahui activity competitor (competitor intelligence), space share, DOS dll. Yang mana sangat membantu perusahaan/user spaceman tersebut.&lt;br /&gt;Dan sekarang pun spaceman tidak hanya untuk laki-laki saja, mungkin ini sudah lama bahwa sang perempuan pun sudah terjun kedunia ini yang disebut dengan spacegirl. Adakalanya pun seorang spaceman merangkap beberapa jobdesk, begitulah seorang spaceman yang saya analogikan Superman sebagai manusia yang serba bisa. Jadi Logo S itu Superman atau Spaceman… nah terserah anda dech..&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-ansi-language: ENfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" lang="EN"  &gt;Yayan Mulyana&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-ansi-language: ENfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" lang="EN"  &gt;Category Management Specialist&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-ansi-language: ENfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" lang="EN"  &gt;&lt;a href="mailto:yayan.m@gmail.com"&gt;yayan.m@gmail.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7061784259311529797-8729117326961702338?l=endri-kusumah.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7061784259311529797' title='What’s the meaning Letter “S” in spaceman (plan[o]gram)'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/feeds/8729117326961702338/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7061784259311529797&amp;postID=8729117326961702338' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/8729117326961702338'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/8729117326961702338'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/2011/01/blog-post.html' title='What’s the meaning Letter “S” in spaceman (plan[o]gram)'/><author><name>Dede</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05004917547092378390</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='29' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pCptHLaJmzQ/TWXAB7OeW0I/AAAAAAAAAIM/_UlpBl3jG30/s220/images%2B%25286%2529.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7061784259311529797.post-7027526763753506512</id><published>2011-01-15T09:03:00.002-08:00</published><updated>2011-01-15T09:05:50.139-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Category Management'/><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-: ENfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:18;" lang="EN"  &gt;&lt;a title="Co-Marketing Versinya Category Management" href="http://papathong.wordpress.com/2010/06/14/co-marketing-versinya-category-management/"&gt;&lt;span style="color:blue;"&gt;Co-Marketing Versinya Category Management&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-: ENfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" lang="EN"  &gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript" src="http://s0.wp.com/wp-content/plugins/adverts/adsense.js?m=1263083267g&amp;amp;1"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“Best Practice Category Management is like getting a man on the moon. The first time you do it, nobody cares about the time and cost. But then, if you want to make a business on the moon, and come back every day, cost, time and overall ease become highly important matters. Fortunately, day-to-day management helps to decrease cost and time dramatically, and it is much easier than getting a man on the moon”&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-: ENfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" lang="EN"  &gt;Luigi Sergio, Unilever&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-: ENfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" lang="EN"  &gt;Dalam sebuah social networking (jejaring sosial) ada status dari seorang yang saya kagumi dari segi ilmunya juga sebagai atasan saya. Istilah tersebut adalah co-marketing. Mungkin bagi saya istilah ini masih awam, apalagi yang saya sendiri berkecimpung di dunia FMCG masih perlu belajar dan bertanya kepada ahlinya.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-: ENfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" lang="EN"  &gt;Co-Marketing itulah istilahnya. Terdiri dari dua kata yakni Co dan Marketing. Co sendiri mempunyai arti bersama-sama, sedangkan marketing sendiri berarti sebuah cara bagaimana suatu perusahaan memutuskan sebuah produk atau jasa yang bisa menarik perhatian kepada calon pembeli (shopper) dan strategy dalam penjualannya baik dari segi komunikasi maupun bizdev nya (source wikipedia). Jadi Co-Marketing adalah sebuah marketing praktis dimana dua buah perusahaan bekerja sama, kadangkala meliputi sharing profit.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-: ENfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" lang="EN"  &gt;Co-Marketing juga bisa digambarkan dua perusahaan yang notaben nya berbeda category menciptakan dan bergabung untuk menghasilkan dan mengembangkan sebuah produk, baik jasa ataupun brand. Sebagai contoh yang nyata adalah dalam web 2.0, dimana di web/blog tersebut kita sering melihat adanya tautan link atau banner. Ataupun seperti pelayanan jasa untuk para pelari dimana sebuah produk sepatu yang terkenal yaitu nike bekerja sama dengan ipod. Alat ini dinamakan Nike + iPod yang mempunyai kelebihan untuk para pelari dapat mendeteksi sejauh mana mereka berlari.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-: ENfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" lang="EN"  &gt;Dalam dunia Consumer Goods ada suatu divisi yang namanya Category management, dimana saat ini category management ini ada di divisi yang berbeda-beda. Ada yang masuk ke Trade Marketing, ada juga yang masuk ke divisi Key Account, itu semua tergantung dari kebutuhan tiap perusahaan. Kenapa penulis mencoba mengaitkan co-marketing ini ke dalam Category Management, karena saat ini orang beranggapan bahwa Catman sangat-sangat identik dengan spaceman atau planogram. Dan mungkin ini hanya sebagian jobdesk dari catman tersebut, akan tetapi kalo kita telaah lebih lanjut catman tersebut sangat luas dan bisa didevelop ke yang lain.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-: ENfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" lang="EN"  &gt;Secara Harfiah CatMan adalah suatu proses di suatu retailer/supplier dengan mengatur category sebagai bisnis unit, menciptakan bisnis yang besar dengan pengantar consumer value. Ada juga pertanyaan kenapa diperlukan Category Management, sebab disuatu perusahaan Catman sangat identik dengan Spaceman ataupun divisi yang tidak terlalu penting. Mungkin untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut diatas diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai catman ataupun kita bisa pahami bahwa untuk catman tersebut sangatlah sulit untuk diaplikasikan di suatu perusahaan sebab, akibatnya ujung-ujungnya hanya mengenai spacemanagement.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-: ENfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" lang="EN"  &gt;Sebagai Flashback ajah mungkin telah dibahas oleh penulis bagaimana sech jobdesk spaceman (coba lihat di artikel sebelumnya). Nah untuk itulah sebagai bahan pertimbangan diperlukannnya CatMan adalah, kebutuhan retailer saat ini lebih cepat, lebih baik dan sangat berbeda, hal ini dijelaskan karena&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol type="1"&gt;&lt;li style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-: ENfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" lang="EN"  &gt;Mereka menginginkan solusi (win win solution)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-: ENfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" lang="EN"  &gt;Mereka menginginkan jawaban dan insight bukan hanya data&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-: ENfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" lang="EN"  &gt;Mereka menginginkan solusi personalisasi untuk membedakan mereka di challenging world yang mana saat ini terjadi perang antar retailer dia segala sektor&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-: ENfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" lang="EN"  &gt;Mereka mencari langkah selanjutnya seperti (langkah masa depan dan apa yang mereka tidak tahu)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-: ENfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" lang="EN"  &gt;Nah dari 4 point tersebut lah diperlukan kerja sama antara pihak retailer dan supplier dimana untuk meningkatkan sharing profit antara mereka, baik dari segi brand maupun category. Untuk itu diperlukan perbaikan dalam Catman yang bukan hanya sebagai tools spacemanagement tapi kearah sebenarnya. Maka untuk itulah diperlukan re-focus 8 Step Catman , kemudian tambahkan mengenai Shopper needs, hubungkan aktifitas Marketing dengan Catman.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-: ENfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" lang="EN"  &gt;Sebagai contoh yang simple adalah di Hero Group tiap tahun sering diadakan aktifitas yang namanya fameous brand yang hanya satu bulan. Fameous brand sendiri berupa aktiftas untuk meningkatkan sales dengan promo brand brand terkenal. Ini sendiri merupakan salah satu contoh co-marketing antara beberapa supplier (fameous brand) di hero tersebut. Ada juga aktifitas co-marketing seperti zone di suatu hypermarket, yang mana disini terjadi penggabungkan lorong/aisle beberapa category dengan saling mendekatkan category lain.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-: ENfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" lang="EN"  &gt;Mungkin bila kita jalan-jaln ke Giant Hypermarket Hypermall Bekasii, bila kita ke paling pojok bisa kita lihat ada zone yang dinamakan insect solution, dengan warna hijau khas dari sang market leader. Ataupun bisa kita promo seperti banded dengan produk lain yang berbeda category, sebagai contoh adalah bila kita beli salah satu produk baby toiletries sering kali kita lihat ada banded dengan baby diapers.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-: ENfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" lang="EN"  &gt;So Catman its not all about the spaceman/planogram….&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; mso-fareast-: ENfont-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12;" lang="EN"  &gt;Yayan Mulyana (Category Management Specialist) – @ymulyana, yayan[dot]m[at]gmail[dot]com&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7061784259311529797-7027526763753506512?l=endri-kusumah.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/feeds/7027526763753506512/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7061784259311529797&amp;postID=7027526763753506512' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/7027526763753506512'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/7027526763753506512'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/2011/01/co-marketing-versinya-category_15.html' title=''/><author><name>Dede</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05004917547092378390</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='29' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pCptHLaJmzQ/TWXAB7OeW0I/AAAAAAAAAIM/_UlpBl3jG30/s220/images%2B%25286%2529.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7061784259311529797.post-2461985224967019634</id><published>2011-01-15T09:03:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2011-01-15T09:03:58.470-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Category Management'/><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; FONT-SIZE: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN" lang="EN"&gt;&lt;a title="Co-Marketing Versinya Category Management" href="http://papathong.wordpress.com/2010/06/14/co-marketing-versinya-category-management/"&gt;&lt;span style="COLOR: blue"&gt;Co-Marketing Versinya Category Management&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN" lang="EN"&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript" src="http://s0.wp.com/wp-content/plugins/adverts/adsense.js?m=1263083267g&amp;amp;1"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“Best Practice Category Management is like getting a man on the moon. The first time you do it, nobody cares about the time and cost. But then, if you want to make a business on the moon, and come back every day, cost, time and overall ease become highly important matters. Fortunately, day-to-day management helps to decrease cost and time dramatically, and it is much easier than getting a man on the moon”&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN" lang="EN"&gt;Luigi Sergio, Unilever&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN" lang="EN"&gt;Dalam sebuah social networking (jejaring sosial) ada status dari seorang yang saya kagumi dari segi ilmunya juga sebagai atasan saya. Istilah tersebut adalah co-marketing. Mungkin bagi saya istilah ini masih awam, apalagi yang saya sendiri berkecimpung di dunia FMCG masih perlu belajar dan bertanya kepada ahlinya.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN" lang="EN"&gt;Co-Marketing itulah istilahnya. Terdiri dari dua kata yakni Co dan Marketing. Co sendiri mempunyai arti bersama-sama, sedangkan marketing sendiri berarti sebuah cara bagaimana suatu perusahaan memutuskan sebuah produk atau jasa yang bisa menarik perhatian kepada calon pembeli (shopper) dan strategy dalam penjualannya baik dari segi komunikasi maupun bizdev nya (source wikipedia). Jadi Co-Marketing adalah sebuah marketing praktis dimana dua buah perusahaan bekerja sama, kadangkala meliputi sharing profit.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN" lang="EN"&gt;Co-Marketing juga bisa digambarkan dua perusahaan yang notaben nya berbeda category menciptakan dan bergabung untuk menghasilkan dan mengembangkan sebuah produk, baik jasa ataupun brand. Sebagai contoh yang nyata adalah dalam web 2.0, dimana di web/blog tersebut kita sering melihat adanya tautan link atau banner. Ataupun seperti pelayanan jasa untuk para pelari dimana sebuah produk sepatu yang terkenal yaitu nike bekerja sama dengan ipod. Alat ini dinamakan Nike + iPod yang mempunyai kelebihan untuk para pelari dapat mendeteksi sejauh mana mereka berlari.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN" lang="EN"&gt;Dalam dunia Consumer Goods ada suatu divisi yang namanya Category management, dimana saat ini category management ini ada di divisi yang berbeda-beda. Ada yang masuk ke Trade Marketing, ada juga yang masuk ke divisi Key Account, itu semua tergantung dari kebutuhan tiap perusahaan. Kenapa penulis mencoba mengaitkan co-marketing ini ke dalam Category Management, karena saat ini orang beranggapan bahwa Catman sangat-sangat identik dengan spaceman atau planogram. Dan mungkin ini hanya sebagian jobdesk dari catman tersebut, akan tetapi kalo kita telaah lebih lanjut catman tersebut sangat luas dan bisa didevelop ke yang lain.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN" lang="EN"&gt;Secara Harfiah CatMan adalah suatu proses di suatu retailer/supplier dengan mengatur category sebagai bisnis unit, menciptakan bisnis yang besar dengan pengantar consumer value. Ada juga pertanyaan kenapa diperlukan Category Management, sebab disuatu perusahaan Catman sangat identik dengan Spaceman ataupun divisi yang tidak terlalu penting. Mungkin untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut diatas diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai catman ataupun kita bisa pahami bahwa untuk catman tersebut sangatlah sulit untuk diaplikasikan di suatu perusahaan sebab, akibatnya ujung-ujungnya hanya mengenai spacemanagement.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN" lang="EN"&gt;Sebagai Flashback ajah mungkin telah dibahas oleh penulis bagaimana sech jobdesk spaceman (coba lihat di artikel sebelumnya). Nah untuk itulah sebagai bahan pertimbangan diperlukannnya CatMan adalah, kebutuhan retailer saat ini lebih cepat, lebih baik dan sangat berbeda, hal ini dijelaskan karena&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol type="1"&gt;&lt;li style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN" lang="EN"&gt;Mereka menginginkan solusi (win win solution)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN" lang="EN"&gt;Mereka menginginkan jawaban dan insight bukan hanya data&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN" lang="EN"&gt;Mereka menginginkan solusi personalisasi untuk membedakan mereka di challenging world yang mana saat ini terjadi perang antar retailer dia segala sektor&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN" lang="EN"&gt;Mereka mencari langkah selanjutnya seperti (langkah masa depan dan apa yang mereka tidak tahu)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN" lang="EN"&gt;Nah dari 4 point tersebut lah diperlukan kerja sama antara pihak retailer dan supplier dimana untuk meningkatkan sharing profit antara mereka, baik dari segi brand maupun category. Untuk itu diperlukan perbaikan dalam Catman yang bukan hanya sebagai tools spacemanagement tapi kearah sebenarnya. Maka untuk itulah diperlukan re-focus 8 Step Catman , kemudian tambahkan mengenai Shopper needs, hubungkan aktifitas Marketing dengan Catman.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN" lang="EN"&gt;Sebagai contoh yang simple adalah di Hero Group tiap tahun sering diadakan aktifitas yang namanya fameous brand yang hanya satu bulan. Fameous brand sendiri berupa aktiftas untuk meningkatkan sales dengan promo brand brand terkenal. Ini sendiri merupakan salah satu contoh co-marketing antara beberapa supplier (fameous brand) di hero tersebut. Ada juga aktifitas co-marketing seperti zone di suatu hypermarket, yang mana disini terjadi penggabungkan lorong/aisle beberapa category dengan saling mendekatkan category lain.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN" lang="EN"&gt;Mungkin bila kita jalan-jaln ke Giant Hypermarket Hypermall Bekasii, bila kita ke paling pojok bisa kita lihat ada zone yang dinamakan insect solution, dengan warna hijau khas dari sang market leader. Ataupun bisa kita promo seperti banded dengan produk lain yang berbeda category, sebagai contoh adalah bila kita beli salah satu produk baby toiletries sering kali kita lihat ada banded dengan baby diapers.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN" lang="EN"&gt;So Catman its not all about the spaceman/planogram….&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN" lang="EN"&gt;Yayan Mulyana (Category Management Specialist) – @ymulyana, yayan[dot]m[at]gmail[dot]com&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7061784259311529797-2461985224967019634?l=endri-kusumah.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/feeds/2461985224967019634/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7061784259311529797&amp;postID=2461985224967019634' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/2461985224967019634'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/2461985224967019634'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/2011/01/co-marketing-versinya-category.html' title=''/><author><name>Dede</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05004917547092378390</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='29' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pCptHLaJmzQ/TWXAB7OeW0I/AAAAAAAAAIM/_UlpBl3jG30/s220/images%2B%25286%2529.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7061784259311529797.post-303043524990832692</id><published>2011-01-15T08:05:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-01-15T09:02:42.910-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Category Management'/><title type='text'>Masih Kosong</title><content type='html'>ബെലും കേപികിരന്‍ മു നുളിസ് അപ, ചുമ പെങ്ങേന്‍ ങ്ങേടിക് ദോന്ഗ് മുദഹ൨അന് ദാപെറ്റ് ഇന്സ്പിരാസി...&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7061784259311529797-303043524990832692?l=endri-kusumah.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/feeds/303043524990832692/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7061784259311529797&amp;postID=303043524990832692' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/303043524990832692'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/303043524990832692'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/2011/01/masih-kosong.html' title='Masih Kosong'/><author><name>Dede</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05004917547092378390</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='29' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pCptHLaJmzQ/TWXAB7OeW0I/AAAAAAAAAIM/_UlpBl3jG30/s220/images%2B%25286%2529.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7061784259311529797.post-596380005082683893</id><published>2011-01-08T04:39:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-03-08T04:42:18.685-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='marketing'/><title type='text'>How To Make Money With AdSense - Turning Pennies Into Dollars</title><content type='html'>So how can you improve these results? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. You can write and submit more articles. It's not an exact science, but if you are currently generating 10 visitors a day from 5 articles, you can expect to be getting 20 visitors a day from 10 articles (now you are at $360 a year passive income). If you go all out and have 50 articles published on EzineArticles.com, you should expect to be getting 100 visitors a day and producing an annual passive income of around $1800. It should be mentioned that this is from one niche blog (you can create more blogs in other niches) and from one marketing strategy (there are dozens to choose from besides article marketing). The key point to take away from this is that the more articles you publish, the more visitors will find your niche blog and click on your AdSense ads. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. You can publish to more article directories. This is called article syndication. EzineArticles.com is the biggest article directory out there, but there are hundreds of other article directories where you can publish your articles on. The more articles you have floating around the web, the more daily traffic you will generate from them. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. You can experiment with the size and placement of your AdSense ads. Many newer marketers think that the best way to make money with AdSense on their blog or site is to maximize the amount of ads. However, many experienced marketers have seen an actual increase in the click rate by reducing the amount of AdSense ads. Instead of having 3 blocks of ads blaring in the face of visitors, there is just one or two intelligently placed ad blocks. Also, when it comes to ad size and placement, many marketers find the best success by using a 250 X 300 block at the beginning on the content, and one skyscraper block on the right hand side of the page. However, you should do your own experiments and find what works best for your specific niche blog or site. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You may find that you can bump up your click rate from 10% to 15%. And although this doesn't seem like a huge difference, over a year's span that small increase will result in an additional $90 (from $180 to $270). This is without doing anything to increase the daily traffic. You are making almost a hundred bucks more per year from the same 10 visitors per day. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you would like to make money with AdSense, it is recommended that you know your stats. By doing so, you will get a better idea of your current income situation, and know what you can do to improve how much AdSense income you are generating. &lt;br /&gt;Author Resource:- &lt;br /&gt;Want to learn more about how to make money with AdSense?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Visit my Make Money With AdSense site to get powerful strategies to help you generate long-term, passive income with AdSense. Get my blueprint so that you can finally start making money online.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7061784259311529797-596380005082683893?l=endri-kusumah.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/feeds/596380005082683893/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7061784259311529797&amp;postID=596380005082683893' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/596380005082683893'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/596380005082683893'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/2011/01/how-to-make-money-with-adsense-turning.html' title='How To Make Money With AdSense - Turning Pennies Into Dollars'/><author><name>Dede</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05004917547092378390</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='29' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pCptHLaJmzQ/TWXAB7OeW0I/AAAAAAAAAIM/_UlpBl3jG30/s220/images%2B%25286%2529.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7061784259311529797.post-858835234297466448</id><published>2010-10-23T04:26:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-02-23T04:30:09.393-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='komputer'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='expert system'/><title type='text'>expert system</title><content type='html'>Logika Fuzzy : suatu cara yang tepat untuk memetakan suatu ruang input ke dalam suatu ruang output.&lt;br /&gt;Contoh:&lt;br /&gt;Pelayan restoran memberikan pelayanan kepada tamu, kemudian tamu akan memberikan tips yang sesuai atas baik tidaknya pelayanan yang diberikan;&lt;br /&gt;Anda mengatakan kepada saya seberapa sejuk ruangan yang anda inginkan, saya akan mengatur putaran kipas yang ada  pada ruangan ini;&lt;br /&gt;Manajer pergudangan mengatakan pada manajer pada produksi seberapa banyak persediaan barang pada akhir minggu ini, kemudian manajer produksi akan menetapkan jumlah barang yang harus diproduksi esok hari.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7061784259311529797-858835234297466448?l=endri-kusumah.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/858835234297466448'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/858835234297466448'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/2010/10/expert-system.html' title='expert system'/><author><name>Dede</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05004917547092378390</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='29' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pCptHLaJmzQ/TWXAB7OeW0I/AAAAAAAAAIM/_UlpBl3jG30/s220/images%2B%25286%2529.jpg'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7061784259311529797.post-3914303292281146187</id><published>2010-10-20T05:10:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2010-10-20T05:12:28.919-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='health'/><title type='text'>ALPUKAT</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'segoe ui', verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 23px; "&gt;&lt;p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 7px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span class="kumpif0" style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(92, 150, 11); font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; "&gt;Kumpulan.info&lt;/span&gt; - Alpukat atau avokad berasal dari bahasa Aztek yaitu &lt;em style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt;ahuacatl&lt;/em&gt;. Buah ini memang berasal dari daerah tempat suku Aztek berasal yaitu di daerah Amerika Tengah dan Meksiko. Awalnya buah ini mulai diperkenalkan oleh Martín Fernández de Enciso, salah seorang pemimpin pasukan Spanyol, pada tahun 1519 kepada orang-orang Eropa. Pada saat yang sama juga, para pasukan Spanyol yang menjajah Amerika Tengah juga memperkenalkan coklat, jagung dan kentang kepada masyarakat Eropa. Sejak itulah buah alpukat atau avokad mulai disebar dan dikenal oleh banyak penduduk dunia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 7px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-top: 0pt; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; margin-top: 5px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 5px; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(58, 95, 25); border-right-color: rgb(58, 95, 25); border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 95, 25); border-left-color: rgb(58, 95, 25); font-size: 14px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: rgb(222, 253, 89); float: right; display: block; width: 300px; text-align: right; "&gt;&lt;h2 style="padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; color: rgb(222, 253, 89); font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 0px; border-bottom-color: rgb(234, 83, 23); border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: dotted; background-color: rgb(173, 132, 24); "&gt;Tips Cara Memilih Buah Alpukat&lt;/h2&gt;Sewaktu Anda pergi ke pasar untuk membeli alpukat, jangan pernah menilai matangnya sebuah alpukat dari warna kulitnya. Jika buah alpukat yang Anda temui berwarna lebih tua atau kecoklatan, belum tentu buah alpukat tersebut telah matang. Cobalah sedikit menekan buah alpukat tersebut. Jika terasa lebih lunak berarti buah itu sudah matang. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; color: rgb(92, 150, 11); font-size: 23px; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 0px; border-bottom-color: rgb(234, 83, 23); border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: dotted; "&gt;Manfaat Alpukat&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 7px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt;Hampir setiap bagian dari pohon alpukat memiliki manfaat. Kayu pohon alpukat bermanfaat sebagai bahan bakar. Biji dan daunnya dapat digunakan dalam industri pakaian. Kulit pohonnya dapat digunakan untuk pewarna coklat pada produk yang terbuat dari kulit.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 7px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt;Dalam bidang &lt;a href="http://kumpulan.info/cantik.html" title="kecantikan" style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(7, 81, 154); font-weight: bold; "&gt;kecantikan&lt;/a&gt;, buah alpukat juga sering digunakan sebagai masker wajah. Buah ini dianggap mampu membuat kulit lebih kencang. Buah alpukat juga bermanfaat untuk perawatan rambut misalnya sewaktu melakukan &lt;em style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt;creambath&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 7px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt;Selain itu, sebagai buah, alpukat juga tentu bisa dinikmati sebagai hidangan yang lezat. Berbagai hidangan disajikan dengan menambah alpukat sebagai bagian dari hidangan tersebut.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 7px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; color: rgb(92, 150, 11); font-size: 23px; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 0px; border-bottom-color: rgb(234, 83, 23); border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: dotted; "&gt;Zat Kaya Manfaat dalam Alpukat&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 7px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt;Alpukat atau avokad memiliki kandungan nutrisi yang sangat tinggi. Alpukat atau avokad setidaknya mengandung 11 vitamin dan 14 mineral yang bermanfaat. Alpukat kaya akan &lt;strong style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt;protein&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt;riboflavin&lt;/strong&gt; (atau dikenal sebagai &lt;strong style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt;vitamin B&lt;sub style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;), &lt;strong style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt;niasin&lt;/strong&gt; (atau dikenal sebagai &lt;strong style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt;vitamin B&lt;sub style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;), &lt;strong style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt;potasium&lt;/strong&gt; (atau lebih dikenal sebagai &lt;strong style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt;kalium&lt;/strong&gt;), dan &lt;a href="http://kumpulan.info/sehat/artikel-kesehatan/48-artikel-kesehatan/80-kandungan-vitamin-c-buah.html" title="vitamin c" style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(7, 81, 154); font-weight: bold; "&gt;vitamin C&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 7px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt;Selain itu alpukat mengandung lemak yang cukup tinggi. Namun jangan takut karena lemak pada alpukat mirip dengan lemak pada &lt;strong style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt;minyak zaitun&lt;/strong&gt; yang sangat sehat. Lemak yang dikandung dalam alpukat adalah lemak tak jenuh yang berdampak positif dalam tubuh. Lemak pada alpukat juga digunakan dalam pembuatan sabun dan &lt;a href="http://kumpulan.info/cantik/artikel-kecantikan/38-artikel/107-umur-kadaluarsa-kosmetika.html" title="kosmetik" style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(7, 81, 154); font-weight: bold; "&gt;kosmetik&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 7px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt;Berikut ini penjelasan beberapa zat dalam alpukat atau avokad yang bermanfaat bagi tubuh kita:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; display: inline-block; width: 500px; "&gt;&lt;ul style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 10px; "&gt;&lt;li style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; background-image: url(http://i.kumpulan.info/ku.png); background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: 0px 6px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; "&gt;&lt;h3 style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(12, 54, 70); font-size: 21px; font-weight: normal; font-family: Helvetica, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: -1px; "&gt;Vitamin E dan vitamin A&lt;/h3&gt;Vitamin E dikenal sebagai vitamin yang berguna untuk menghaluskan kulit. Campuran vitamin E dan vitamin A sangat berguna dalam perawatan kulit. Kombinasi vitamin E dan vitamin A membuat kulit menjadi kenyal, menghilangkan kerut, membuat kulit terlihat muda dan segar.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; background-image: url(http://i.kumpulan.info/ku.png); background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: 0px 6px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; "&gt;&lt;h3 style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(12, 54, 70); font-size: 21px; font-weight: normal; font-family: Helvetica, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: -1px; "&gt;Potasium atau Kalium&lt;/h3&gt;Potasium (dikenal juga sebagai kalium) yang ada dalam alpukat dapat mengurangi depresi, mencegah pengendapan cairan dalam tubuh dan dapat menurunkan tekanan darah.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; background-image: url(http://i.kumpulan.info/ku.png); background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: 0px 6px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; "&gt;&lt;h3 style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(12, 54, 70); font-size: 21px; font-weight: normal; font-family: Helvetica, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: -1px; "&gt;Lemak tak jenuh&lt;/h3&gt;Dalam alpukat ada lemak nabati yang tinggi yang tak jenuh. Lemak ini berguna untuk menurunkan kadar &lt;a href="http://kumpulan.info/sehat/artikel-kesehatan/48-artikel-kesehatan/83-tips-mengontrol-kolestrol.html" title="kolesterol" style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(7, 81, 154); font-weight: bold; "&gt;kolesterol&lt;/a&gt; darah (LDL), yang berarti dapat mencegah penyakit stroke, &lt;a href="http://kumpulan.info/sehat/artikel-kesehatan/48-artikel-kesehatan/174-mengatasi-tekanan-darah-tinggi-atau-hipertensi.html" title="darah tinggi" style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(7, 81, 154); font-weight: bold; "&gt;darah tinggi&lt;/a&gt;, kanker atau &lt;a href="http://kumpulan.info/sehat/artikel-kesehatan/48-artikel-kesehatan/189-mengatasi-penyakit-jantung-dan-serangan-jantung.html" title="penyakit jantung" style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(7, 81, 154); font-weight: bold; "&gt;penyakit jantung&lt;/a&gt;. Lemak tak jenuh pada alpukat juga mudah dicerna tubuh sehingga dapat memberikan hasil maksimal pada tubuh. Lemak tak jenuh pada alpukat juga mengandung zat anti bakteri dan anti jamur.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; background-image: url(http://i.kumpulan.info/ku.png); background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: 0px 6px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; "&gt;&lt;h3 style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(12, 54, 70); font-size: 21px; font-weight: normal; font-family: Helvetica, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: -1px; "&gt;Asam oleat&lt;/h3&gt;Asam oleat merupakan antioksidan yang sangat kuat yang dapat menangkap radikal bebas dalam tubuh akibat polusi. Radikal bebas dalam tubuh akan menimbulkan berbagai macam keluhan kesehatan.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; background-image: url(http://i.kumpulan.info/ku.png); background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: 0px 6px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; "&gt;&lt;h3 style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(12, 54, 70); font-size: 21px; font-weight: normal; font-family: Helvetica, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: -1px; "&gt;Vitamin B&lt;sub style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;Vitamin ini berkhasiat untuk meredakan sidrom pra-haid atau pra-menstruasi (PMS) yang umumnya diderita wanita setiap bulan.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; background-image: url(http://i.kumpulan.info/ku.png); background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: 0px 6px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; "&gt;&lt;h3 style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(12, 54, 70); font-size: 21px; font-weight: normal; font-family: Helvetica, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: -1px; "&gt;Zat Besi dan Tembaga&lt;/h3&gt;Zat ini diperlukan dalam proses regenerasi darah sehingga mencegah penyakit anemia.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; background-image: url(http://i.kumpulan.info/ku.png); background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: 0px 6px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; "&gt;&lt;h3 style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(12, 54, 70); font-size: 21px; font-weight: normal; font-family: Helvetica, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: -1px; "&gt;Mineral Mangaan dan Seng&lt;/h3&gt;Unsur ini bermanfaat untuk meredakan tekanan darah tinggi, memantau detak jantung dan menjaga fungsi saraf tetap terjaga.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 7px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; color: rgb(92, 150, 11); font-size: 23px; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 0px; border-bottom-color: rgb(234, 83, 23); border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: dotted; "&gt;Hidup Sehat dengan Alpukat&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 7px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt;Di beberapa bagian dunia, buah ini dianggap sebagai salah satu buah eksotis dan langka. Mungkin alpukat telah memainkan peranan penting dalam diet makanan Anda. Setelah merasa berbagai hidangan yang mengandung &lt;strong style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt;alpukat&lt;/strong&gt; atau &lt;strong style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt;avokad&lt;/strong&gt;, Anda mungkin dapat mengatakan bahwa buah ini benar-benar banyak manfaatnya dan juga buah yang lezat!&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7061784259311529797-3914303292281146187?l=endri-kusumah.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://kumpulan.info/sehat/artikel-kesehatan/48-artikel-kesehatan/119-avokad-buah-serbaguna-kaya-manfaat.html' title='ALPUKAT'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/feeds/3914303292281146187/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7061784259311529797&amp;postID=3914303292281146187' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/3914303292281146187'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/3914303292281146187'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/2010/10/alpukat.html' title='ALPUKAT'/><author><name>Dede</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05004917547092378390</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='29' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pCptHLaJmzQ/TWXAB7OeW0I/AAAAAAAAAIM/_UlpBl3jG30/s220/images%2B%25286%2529.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7061784259311529797.post-5244402815598934606</id><published>2010-10-15T00:06:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-10-15T02:32:10.870-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='komputer'/><title type='text'>Ancaman bagi Komputer</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="Section1"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:17.25pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:&amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;color:#333333"&gt;- terkadang komputer tidak bekerja sebagaimana mestinya, misal; komputer lambat/lelet, hang, data yang dicari hilang, tampilan yang mengganggu ketika sedang mengerjakan sesuatu, Anda mungkin berkesimpulan komputer Anda terkena virus. Sebenarnya ada berbagai ancaman2 yang mengincar saat Anda bekerja dengan komputer dan internet. Ancaman ini dapat merusak data, komputer, bahkan mencuri data penting.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.25pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:17.25pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;color:#333333"&gt;Pengancam keamanan tidak hanya virus. Mungkin ada beberapa istilah yang pernah Anda dengar tetapi masih belum mengetahui apa maksudnya. Berikut penjelasan mengenai hal-hal yang dapat mengancam komputer atau mengambil data penting Anda.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.25pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:17.25pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;color:#333333"&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div style="mso-element:para-border-div;border:none;border-bottom:dotted #EA5317 1.0pt; padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt:17.25pt;border:none;padding:0cm"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:17.5pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;color:#5C960B"&gt;Adware&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.25pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:17.25pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;color:#333333"&gt;Ini merupakan sebuah program yang akan menampilkan iklan pada komputer. Akan mengganggu karena adware umumnya akan memakai sumber daya dari komputer, akibatnya komputer berjalan lambat. Ada juga jenis adware yang muncul secara pop-up yang dapat mengganggu saat Anda sedang bekerja.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.25pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:17.25pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;color:#333333"&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div style="mso-element:para-border-div;border:none;border-bottom:dotted #EA5317 1.0pt; padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt:17.25pt;border:none;padding:0cm"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:17.5pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;color:#5C960B"&gt;Brute Force&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.25pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:17.25pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;color:#333333"&gt;Merupakan kegiatan untuk membobol password dengan cara mengkombinasikan angka dan huruf secara berurutan. Sangat berbahaya jika dengan teknik ini, orang yang tidak berhak berhasil mengetahui password Anda kemudian disalahgunakan. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, ada baiknya password yang digunakan tidak hanya terdiri dari angka dan huruf tetapi juga terdiri dari simbol seperti $, #, &amp;amp;, dan lainnya.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.25pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:17.25pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;color:#333333"&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div style="mso-element:para-border-div;border:none;border-bottom:dotted #EA5317 1.0pt; padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt:17.25pt;border:none;padding:0cm"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:17.5pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;color:#5C960B"&gt;DDoS&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.25pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:17.25pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;color:#333333"&gt;Merupakan kepanjangan dari Distributed Denial of Service, dimana sebuah server atau komputer diserang dengan dihujani kiriman data dalam ukuran yang sangat besar oleh banyak komputer secara bersamaan. Akibatnya komputer tersebut sulit diakses atau rusaknya perangkat keras karena tidak mampu menampung kiriman data yang sangat besar.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.25pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:17.25pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;color:#333333"&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div style="mso-element:para-border-div;border:none;border-bottom:dotted #EA5317 1.0pt; padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt:17.25pt;border:none;padding:0cm"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:17.5pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;color:#5C960B"&gt;Exploit&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.25pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:17.25pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;color:#333333"&gt;Yaitu sebuah aplikasi yang berusaha mencari dan menyerang kelemahan dari sistem untuk mendapatkan akses atau dengan tujuan menginfeksi sistem atau komputer.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.25pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:17.25pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;color:#333333"&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div style="mso-element:para-border-div;border:none;border-bottom:dotted #EA5317 1.0pt; padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt:17.25pt;border:none;padding:0cm"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:17.5pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;color:#5C960B"&gt;Fake Antivirus&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.25pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:17.25pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;color:#333333"&gt;Cara kerjanya adalah dengan membuat seolah-olah komputer terkena virus dan menyarankan untuk membeli antivirus untuk mengatasi virus tadi.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.25pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:17.25pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;color:#333333"&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div style="mso-element:para-border-div;border:none;border-bottom:dotted #EA5317 1.0pt; padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt:17.25pt;border:none;padding:0cm"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:17.5pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;color:#5C960B"&gt;Hoax&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.25pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:17.25pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;color:#333333"&gt;Yaitu berita bohong yang biasa disebarkan melalui email atau website. Efeknya adalah kepanikan atau banyak pembacanya yang tertipu. Akibat lainnya adalah memberatkan jaringan internet karena pesan berantai dari berita bohong tersebut yang disampaikan ke orang lain.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.25pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:17.25pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;color:#333333"&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div style="mso-element:para-border-div;border:none;border-bottom:dotted #EA5317 1.0pt; padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt:17.25pt;border:none;padding:0cm"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:17.5pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;color:#5C960B"&gt;Keylogger&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.25pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:17.25pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;color:#333333"&gt;Merupakan salah satu ancaman yang cukup berbahaya. Keylogger akan merekam inputan yang dimasukkan lewat keyboard untuk disimpan atau dikirimkan ke seseorang yang biasanya digunakan untuk tujuan yang tidak baik. Hal ini khususnya harus diwaspadai apabila Anda memasukkan password di tempat-tempat umum seperti warnet. Password yang Anda masukkan melalui keyboard dapat diketahui dan bisa saja digunakan untuk tujuan yang tidak baik.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.25pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:17.25pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;color:#333333"&gt;Salah satu cara terhindar dari keylogger adalah dengan menggunakan On Screen Keyboard saat harus menginput password. On Screen Keyboard bisa dijalankan dari dari program Windows yang berada pada Program| Accessories| Accessbility atau dengan mengetikkan “osk” dari Start| Run pada Operating System Windows.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.25pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:17.25pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;color:#333333"&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div style="mso-element:para-border-div;border:none;border-bottom:dotted #EA5317 1.0pt; padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt:17.25pt;border:none;padding:0cm"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:17.5pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;color:#5C960B"&gt;Malware&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.25pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:17.25pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;color:#333333"&gt;Biasanya terdapat pada bootsector pada harddisk, kemudian mengubah program yang pertama kali dijalankan. Sistem yang biasanya terkena dampaknya pertama kali adalah Sistem Operasi. Infeksi pada Sistem Operasi ini memudahkan malware untuk menyebarkan diri atau menyebarkan virus pada media penyimpanan seperti CD ROM atau Flash Disk.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.25pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:17.25pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;color:#333333"&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div style="mso-element:para-border-div;border:none;border-bottom:dotted #EA5317 1.0pt; padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt:17.25pt;border:none;padding:0cm"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:17.5pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;color:#5C960B"&gt;Phising&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.25pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:17.25pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;color:#333333"&gt;Adalah bentuk penipuan di internet dengan membuat seseorang mau memberikan informasi penting yang tidak berhak diketahuinya. Misalnya, dengan membuat sebuah website yang mirip dengan website sebuah bank. Seorang korban tidak menyadari dia telah tertipu kemudian memasukkan password yang setealh diketahui oleh si pembuatnya dapat saja digunakan untuk menguras tabungan korban.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.25pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:17.25pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;color:#333333"&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div style="mso-element:para-border-div;border:none;border-bottom:dotted #EA5317 1.0pt; padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt:17.25pt;border:none;padding:0cm"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:17.5pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;color:#5C960B"&gt;Rootkit&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.25pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:17.25pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;color:#333333"&gt;Yaitu program yang bertujuan menyembunyikan program lain yang berjalan. Biasa digunakan untuk menyebarkan malware, virus, atau keylogger.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.25pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:17.25pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;color:#333333"&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div style="mso-element:para-border-div;border:none;border-bottom:dotted #EA5317 1.0pt; padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt:17.25pt;border:none;padding:0cm"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:17.5pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;color:#5C960B"&gt;Spam&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.25pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:17.25pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;color:#333333"&gt;Memaksudkan email yang tidak diharapkan. Biasanya merupakan email iklan atau menjadi pancingan agar seseorang mengunjungi website tertentu yang sebenarnya merupakan phising atau untuk menyebarkan malware. Pesan yang dikirimkan bisa saja dalam jumlah banyak sehingga menghabiskan waktu untuk menghapusnya.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.25pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:17.25pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;color:#333333"&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div style="mso-element:para-border-div;border:none;border-bottom:dotted #EA5317 1.0pt; padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt:17.25pt;border:none;padding:0cm"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:17.5pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;color:#5C960B"&gt;Spyware&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.25pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:17.25pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;color:#333333"&gt;Merupakan program yang berfungsi untuk memata-matai pengguna dengan tujuan mendapatkan informasi penting seperti nomor kartu kredit, PIN atau password yang dapat merugikan korban karena bocornya informasi tersebut.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.25pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:17.25pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;color:#333333"&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div style="mso-element:para-border-div;border:none;border-bottom:dotted #EA5317 1.0pt; padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt:17.25pt;border:none;padding:0cm"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:17.5pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;color:#5C960B"&gt;Trojan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.25pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:17.25pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;color:#333333"&gt;Bertindak seolah-olah dirinya dalah program baik yang dapat digunakan untuk membantu pekerjaan pengguna. Tetapi, sebenarnya di dalamnya terdapat fungsi yang membahayakan sistem secara keseluruhan atau untuk mencuri informasi rahasia. Trojan mudah menyebar ke komputer lain.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.25pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:17.25pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;color:#333333"&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div style="mso-element:para-border-div;border:none;border-bottom:dotted #EA5317 1.0pt; padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm"&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt:17.25pt;border:none;padding:0cm"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:17.5pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;color:#5C960B"&gt;Worm&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.25pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:17.25pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;color:#333333"&gt;Adalah malware yang dapat menggandakan diri kemudian mengirimkan hasil penggandaan dirinya melalui jaringan tanpa harus ada aktivitas tertentu yang dilakukan user. Worm dapat berbahaya karena dapat menjadi pintu masuk bagi virus, malware atau program merusak lainnya.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.25pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:17.25pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;color:#333333"&gt;mungkin sekian dulu penjelasan mengenai ancaman komputer ini, tulisan ini tidak mengikat dan hanya membahas secara singkat saja. Semoga tulisan ini bermanfaat.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7061784259311529797-5244402815598934606?l=endri-kusumah.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/feeds/5244402815598934606/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7061784259311529797&amp;postID=5244402815598934606' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/5244402815598934606'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/5244402815598934606'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/2010/10/ancaman-bagi-komputer.html' title='Ancaman bagi Komputer'/><author><name>Dede</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05004917547092378390</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='29' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pCptHLaJmzQ/TWXAB7OeW0I/AAAAAAAAAIM/_UlpBl3jG30/s220/images%2B%25286%2529.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7061784259311529797.post-146025088506765310</id><published>2010-10-08T00:17:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-10-15T03:10:31.701-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='komputer'/><title type='text'>FW: HOW TO Be</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=Section1&gt;  &lt;p class=MsoNormal&gt;&lt;span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:#666666'&gt;Bagaimana Menjadi Seorang Pakar IT ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#828282'&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'&gt;&lt;span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'&gt;&lt;span style='font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'&gt;Jikalau kita sudah berkecimpung di dalam bidang IT, tentu kita ingin lebih mengetahui lebih dalam lagi mengenai teknologi IT. Oleh karena itu Salah satu pertanyaan yang sering muncul oleh orang IT ialah bagaimana menjadi seorang Pakar IT?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'&gt;&lt;span style='font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'&gt;Berikut adala Point2 nya:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style='font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'&gt;1. Bergairah, belajar dan praktek.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; color:black'&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; Hal pertama yang sangat penting menurut saya adalah bergairah, minat, kecintaan. Sama seperti bidang lain, penguasaan bidang IT harus disertai dengan adanya keinginan yang menggebu-gebu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style='font-size:7.5pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'&gt;&lt;span style='font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'&gt;&lt;br&gt; Untuk dapat menguasai IT tidak terjadi dalam waktu sekejap, tetapi membutuhkan waktu yang memiliki proses. Dan itu tidak bisa tercipta hanya dengan mengikuti sebuah seminar saja. Banyak sekali kita melihat banyak orang/siswa yang datang ke seminar dan kemudian berharap menjadi seorang pakar. Ini sama seperti kita menonton pertandingan tinjua dan kemudian pulang ke rumah terobsesi menjadi seorang jago tinju. Tidak bisa! Untuk menjadi pakar sungguhan dibutuhkan waktu tahunan, kecuali Anda mau sekedar menjadi &amp;quot;pakar&amp;quot; (atau sering juga disebut selebriti IT).&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; Belajar dan praktek merupakan metoda yang harus dilakukan. Belajar di sini termasuk membaca buku, majalah, dan sumber referensi lainnya (kalau sekarang adalah Internet). Jika diperlukan, pelajari juga latar belakang teorinya. Praktek mencoba menerapkan apa yang Anda baca untuk meningkatkan ketrampilan (skill) dan memperkaya &amp;quot;perpustakaan&amp;quot; solusi Anda.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; Untuk urusan membaca, usahakan semua buku IT dibaca dan juga harus maniak IT.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; Untuk soal praktek, banyak yang mengeluh tidak punya uang untuk membeli komputer. Dan kita diperhadapkan untuk membeli komputer. Untuk praktek komputer anda tidak harus memiliki komputer sendiri. Ada banyak tempat untuk belajar komputer, seperti misalnya lab di kampus, dan warnet. Anda bisa bekerja di sana sambil belajar. Kalau perlu bekerja tanpa dibayar.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; &lt;b&gt;Pendidikan formal, training, atau belajar sendiri ?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; Ada orang-orang yang memberi contoh bahwa pendidikan formal di dunia IT tidak diperlukan karena bisa dipelajar sendiri. Kemudian mereka memberikan contoh-contoh jagoan IT di sekitar mereka yang tidak memiliki pendidikan formal di bidang IT. Bill Gates drop out dari Harvard. Steve Jobs tidak pernah menyelesaikan college. Masih banyak contoh lainnya. Tapi, apakah benar bahwa pendidikan formal tidak dibutuhkan? Orang lupa bahwa untuk satu Bill Gates yang sukses, mungkin ada 10 ribu dropout yang gagal. Tentu saja berita mengenai dropout yang gagal tidak menarik untuk diceritakan sehingga dapat dianggap natural saja. Maka akan aneh jika kesuksesan dropout dianggap normal. Saya masih termasuk yang beranggapan bahwa pendidikan formal itu dibutuhkan karena dia memberikan fondasi, meskipun itu bukan menjadi jaminan kesuksesan.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; Lantas bagaimana dengan orang yang tidak berpendidikan formal? Mereka bisa saja berhasil, asal mau berusaha lebih keras. Salah satu jalur yang dapat ditempuh adalah dengan mengikuti training, bahkan training di beberapa tempat malah memiliki nilai (value) yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan pendidikan formal biasa. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan lebih diakuinya sertifikat vendor (yang notabene terkait dengan training, bukan dengan pendidikan formal) dibandingkan dengan ijasah perguruan tinggi.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; Dalam belajar sendiri usahakan mencoba mencari (buku) referensi yang terbaik, referensi yang digunakan oleh para pakar lainnya. Caranya adalah dengan mencari informasi di milis, situs web, dan tanya ke orang lain. Kadang buku referensi ini sukar dimengerti, akan tetapi lama kelamaan saya menjadi lebih mengerti mengapa referensi tersebut digunakan. Jadi saya tidak mencari buku &amp;quot;xyz for dummies&amp;quot; atau buku terjemahan yang malah membingungkan. Jika ingin berguru, cari guru yang terbaik.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; Catatan mengenai nama buku. Biasanya buku diberi julukan berdasarkan gambar sampul (cover) dari buku itu. Sebagai contoh buku &amp;quot;camel&amp;quot; memiliki sampul bergambar onta.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; &lt;b&gt;Bahasa pemrograman apa yang harus saya kuasai ?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; Setiap waktu selalu muncul bahasa pemrograman (dan metodologi) yang baru. Pada saat saya belajar pemrograman, bahasa FORTRAN dan pembuatan flow chart merupakan hal yang wajib diketahui oleh seorang programmer. Kalau sekarang mungkin bahasa Java atau C/C++ yang lebih dicari. Demikian pula metodologi yang menggunakan agile atau extreme programming mungkin sedang naik daun. Untuk pengembangan yang berbasis web, bahasa PHP dan ASP yang sedang populer. (Saya sendiri lebih suka menggunakan bahasa perl.)&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; Jadi bagaimana ? Apakah Anda perlu mengetahui semua bahasa yang baru ? Jawabannya adalah tidak. Dalam hal ini mungkin kita termasuk orang yang &amp;quot;haus&amp;quot; karena kita senang mencoba bahasa-bahasa yang baru.) Hal yang paling penting adalah dasar-dasar dari pemrograman. Bahasa hanya sekedar &amp;quot;alat komunikasi.&amp;quot; Jika Anda menguasai C, misalnya, maka tidaklah terlalu sukar untuk menguasai bahasa lain (yang filosofinya sama atau mirip). Namun jika Anda tidak memiliki dasar pemrograman, maka akan sulit bagi untuk berkembang. Sebagai contoh, jikalau Anda menguasai bahasa perl. Ketika muncul bahasa PHP maka dengan mudah Anda mengerti karena sedikit banyak prinsipnya tidak jauh berbeda dengan bahasa perl.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style='font-size:7.5pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify'&gt;&lt;span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; color:#828282'&gt;(RV/ICTF)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:#828282'&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=MsoNormal&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7061784259311529797-146025088506765310?l=endri-kusumah.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/feeds/146025088506765310/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7061784259311529797&amp;postID=146025088506765310' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/146025088506765310'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/146025088506765310'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/2010/10/fw-how-to-be.html' title='FW: HOW TO Be'/><author><name>Dede</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05004917547092378390</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='29' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pCptHLaJmzQ/TWXAB7OeW0I/AAAAAAAAAIM/_UlpBl3jG30/s220/images%2B%25286%2529.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7061784259311529797.post-3397877870440371376</id><published>2010-10-08T00:16:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-10-15T03:10:31.702-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='komputer'/><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=Section1&gt;  &lt;p class=MsoNormal&gt;&lt;span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:#666666'&gt;Bagaimana Cara Shutdown Otomatis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style='font-size: 8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#828282'&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'&gt;&lt;span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#666666'&gt;Selasa, 28 September 2010 | 15:16 WIB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"'&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=MsoNormal align=center style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;text-align:center'&gt;&lt;span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:#828282'&gt;&lt;img width=401 height=221 id="Picture_x0020_1" src="cid:image003.jpg@01CB66F3.6CF765F0" alt="Shutdown Otomatis pada komputer"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#828282'&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify'&gt;&lt;span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; color:#666666'&gt;(ICTF - Hardware)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style='font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#828282'&gt;Ketika kita menggunakan komputer, seringkali kita meninggalkan komputer dalam kondisi menyala. Hal tersebut terjadi mungkin saja karena ketiduran, asik ngobrol, ada acara lain, ke rumah teman, dan sebagainya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";color:#828282'&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style='font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#828282'&gt;Bila hal ini sering terjadi, bisa saja PC komputer Anda mengalami gangguan atau kerusakan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#828282'&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify'&gt;&lt;span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; color:#828282'&gt;Pada tips dibawah ini, Anda bisa mengetahui bagaimana agar komputer kita secara otomatis melakukan shutdown pada waktu yang telah ditentukan. Semua ini, Anda lakukan tidak perlu menggunakan perangkat lain, cukup windows anda dan yang pastinya tidaklah sulit untuk dilakukan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#828282'&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify'&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; color:#828282'&gt;&lt;br&gt; Berikut 5 (lima) langkah mudah tersebut :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style='font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#828282'&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; &lt;b&gt;Pertama&lt;/b&gt;, klik menu Start dan pilih RUN atau anda cukup melakukan klik Windows + r.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; &lt;b&gt;Kedua&lt;/b&gt;, untuk melakukan perintah Shutdown otomatis, langsung saja anda ketik tsshutdn AA / Powerdown atau tsshutdn AA saja (AA adalah waktu rentang periode shutdown yang anda inginkan dalam hitungan detik). Contohnya : anda ingin mematikan komputer anda 1 menit kemudian atau 1 jam kemudian, tinggal anda ketik tsshutdn 60 (1 menit) atau tsshutdn 3600 (1 jam). Kemudian klik OK.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; &lt;b&gt;Ketiga&lt;/b&gt;, timbul pesan dari Command Prompt anda, yaitu System is Shutingdown in 60 seconds (1 menit) atau 3600 seconds (1 jam).&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; &lt;b&gt;Keempat&lt;/b&gt;, seandainya anda ingin menggagalkan perintah anda tersebut, tinggal anda klik Ctrl + C untuk membatalkannya.&lt;br&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;br&gt; Kelima&lt;/b&gt;, Bila anda tidak ingin menggagalkan perintah tersebut, biarkan jendela windows itu Open, atau lakukan minimize saja, karena apabila di Close, maka perintah anda tersebut gagal atau Timer-nya tidak akan berjalan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#828282'&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'&gt;&lt;span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'&gt;(Dewi/ICTF)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7061784259311529797-3397877870440371376?l=endri-kusumah.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/feeds/3397877870440371376/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7061784259311529797&amp;postID=3397877870440371376' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/3397877870440371376'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/3397877870440371376'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/2010/10/bagaimana-cara-shutdown-otomatis-selasa.html' title=''/><author><name>Dede</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05004917547092378390</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='29' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pCptHLaJmzQ/TWXAB7OeW0I/AAAAAAAAAIM/_UlpBl3jG30/s220/images%2B%25286%2529.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7061784259311529797.post-1677578479106124541</id><published>2010-10-06T03:51:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-10-15T03:10:31.702-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='komputer'/><title type='text'>Beberapa SEO Tools Yang Sering diGunakan</title><content type='html'>Sebagai penggila SEO, tentu tools yang biasa kita pakai sebagai alat bantu tidak pernah bisa di tinggalkan, setidaknya itu menurut pendapat saya pribadi. Oleh karena itu, perkenankan kali ini saya untuk menulis beberapa SEO Tools yang sering saya gunakan. Baik itu untuk optimasi harian maupun dalam SEO competition. Monggo bagi yang berminat lihat daftar nya di bawah ini.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Keyword Density Checker&lt;br /&gt;Tools SEO ini saya gunakan untuk melihat berapa prosentase keywords yang muncul dari setiap halaman. Untuk prakteknya, saya membatasi density maksimal sebesar 10%, sementara untuk ukuran normal, hanya berkisar 6%-7%.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;SEO Browser&lt;br /&gt;SEO Tools ini lebih sering saya gunakan saat ingin meredesign sebuah theme supaya SEO lebih friendly terhadap Google Bot. Sementara untuk keperluan lain, saya jarang menggunakan tools ini.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Code To Text Ratio&lt;br /&gt;Tools SEO milik SeoChat ini lebih sering digunakan jika ingin mengikuti kontes, yakni untuk melihat perbandingan antara berat artikel terhadap jumlah berat dari keseluruhan halaman.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Backlink Checker&lt;br /&gt;Tools SEO ini di pakai untuk melihat jumlah backlink yang telah dikumpulkan. Selain itu, bisa juga di gunakan sebagai alat untuk memata-matai kompetitor lain. Detailnya silahkan di explore sendiri yah.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ok kawan, saya rasa cuma itu saja beberapa SEO tools yang saya ketahui. Next time, jika saya menemukan tools SEO lain yang mungkin lebih baik dan powerful dari yg saya sebutkan diatas,thanks for reads&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7061784259311529797-1677578479106124541?l=endri-kusumah.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/feeds/1677578479106124541/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7061784259311529797&amp;postID=1677578479106124541' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/1677578479106124541'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/1677578479106124541'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/2010/10/beberapa-seo-tools-yang-sering.html' title='Beberapa SEO Tools Yang Sering diGunakan'/><author><name>Dede</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05004917547092378390</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='29' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pCptHLaJmzQ/TWXAB7OeW0I/AAAAAAAAAIM/_UlpBl3jG30/s220/images%2B%25286%2529.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7061784259311529797.post-7835551850364233766</id><published>2010-10-06T02:20:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-10-15T03:10:31.702-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='komputer'/><title type='text'>Meningkatkan tulisan Anda dalam 15 menit sehari</title><content type='html'>Menulis adalah hal yang saya kurang saya sukai. Saya suka membaca apa saja. Di sekolah dasar saya mendapat masalah prestasi kurang bagus ketika guru menanyakan pertanyaan saya tidak mendengar, karena aku kurang memahami yang dibicarakan apa lagi menulis.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aku mulai menulis waktu SMP dan SMA, walau kadang kadang gak nyambung&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aneh, memang&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Menulis menggunakan bagian dari otak Anda yang seperti otot. Semakin Anda melatihnya, semakin mudah mendapatkan. Berikut adalah latihan saya lakukan, setiap hari, untuk membantu meningkatkan tulisan saya karena untuk latihan mengetik dikomputer tampa melihat keyboard.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Duduklah di depan komputer. Mulai stopwatch. Selama 4 menit, tuliskan semua yang datang ke pikiran. Jangan ragu / mengedit / menghapus atau tidak menulis sesuatu karena hal itu "bukan ide yang baik". Setelah selesai, lakukan apa yang Anda suka dengan hasil: Hapus, atau menyimpannya sehingga Anda dapat menunjukkan kepada siapa saja. Keterampilan yang dikembangkan: aliran menulis halus, brainstorming, mengetik (jika Anda memerlukannya). Total waktu yang dibutuhkan: 05:00&lt;br /&gt;Apakah peran bermain-cepat: Lihat ke luar jendela Anda. Dengan orang pertama / teman main / teman kuliah, tulis, dalam 2 kalimat atau kurang, apa yang mereka pikirkan. Tidak, aku tidak meminta Anda untuk menjadi seorang paranormal. Tuliskan apa yang Anda pikirkan mereka pikirkan. Keterampilan yang dikembangkan: Audiens analisis; imajinasi; aliran menulis halus. Total waktu yang dibutuhkan: 3 menit.&lt;br /&gt;Ambil satu e-mail atau dokumen lain yang Anda tulis kemarin dan menulis ulang itu. Pilih sesuatu yang singkat, kecuali Anda merasa nyaman. Ambil tidak lebih dari 5 menit. Yang paling penting: Buatlah setidaknya 10% lebih pendek, sementara masih mengkomunikasikan pesan yang sama. Keterampilan yang dikembangkan: Edit; suara aktif (hal itu akan terjadi); ekonomi kata-kata. Total waktu yang dibutuhkan: 5 menit.&lt;br /&gt;Belajar kata baru. Kedengarannya benar-benar dangkal, aku tahu, tetapi kata-kata yang lebih banyak = amunisi lebih. Plus, Anda dapat memberitahu seseorang yang mereka sedang cari. Total waktu yang dibutuhkan: 2 menit.&lt;br /&gt;Saya sudah serius melakukan semua 4 dari latihan ini hampir setiap hari sampai saat ini. Aku pasti seorang penulis yang lebih baik daripada itu.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cobalah: Apakah semua 4 latihan selama 2 minggu. Jika Anda tidak menulis lebih mudah, dan lebih baik, pada akhir dari 2 minggu, Anda dapat menulis komentar atau apapun yang anda inginkan.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7061784259311529797-7835551850364233766?l=endri-kusumah.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/feeds/7835551850364233766/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7061784259311529797&amp;postID=7835551850364233766' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/7835551850364233766'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/7835551850364233766'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/2010/10/meningkatkan-tulisan-anda-dalam-15.html' title='Meningkatkan tulisan Anda dalam 15 menit sehari'/><author><name>Dede</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05004917547092378390</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='29' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pCptHLaJmzQ/TWXAB7OeW0I/AAAAAAAAAIM/_UlpBl3jG30/s220/images%2B%25286%2529.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7061784259311529797.post-3889544905708057239</id><published>2010-09-16T01:17:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-09-16T01:28:11.121-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_lV4pk4dJf0g/TJHU3OXlygI/AAAAAAAAAH0/CWUSoZacS1Q/s1600/religion-Aid-Mubarak.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:right; margin:0 0 10px 10px;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 160px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_lV4pk4dJf0g/TJHU3OXlygI/AAAAAAAAAH0/CWUSoZacS1Q/s200/religion-Aid-Mubarak.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5517425063720503810" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mohon delete file ku yang error di memori hatimu&lt;br /&gt;Shutdown semua prasangka burukmu&lt;br /&gt;Restart langkah hidupmu agar menjadi lebih baik&lt;br /&gt;Dan selamat Tahun Baru Hijriyah 1 Muharram 1431&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7061784259311529797-3889544905708057239?l=endri-kusumah.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='enclosure' type='video/mp4' href='http://www.blogger.com/video-play.mp4?contentId=4fa133a5bbf7fdd4&amp;type=video%2Fmp4' length='0'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/feeds/3889544905708057239/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7061784259311529797&amp;postID=3889544905708057239' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/3889544905708057239'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/3889544905708057239'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/2010/09/mohon-delete-file-ku-yang-error-di.html' title=''/><author><name>Dede</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05004917547092378390</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='29' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pCptHLaJmzQ/TWXAB7OeW0I/AAAAAAAAAIM/_UlpBl3jG30/s220/images%2B%25286%2529.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_lV4pk4dJf0g/TJHU3OXlygI/AAAAAAAAAH0/CWUSoZacS1Q/s72-c/religion-Aid-Mubarak.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7061784259311529797.post-7310973552477523416</id><published>2010-09-16T01:13:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-09-16T01:14:39.804-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='colledge'/><title type='text'>Pedoman penyusunan skripsi</title><content type='html'>BAB  I&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PENDAHULUAN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PENGERTIAN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yang dimaksud Skripsi dalam Buku Pedoman Penyusunan dan Ujian Skripsi ini adalah karya tulis ilmiah berdasarkan hasil penelitian lapangan dan atau kepustakaan yang disusun oleh seorang mahasiswa sesuai dengan bidang studinya, sebagai tugas akhir dalam studi formalnya   diproggram S1 Tehnik Informatika, STMIK Yadika Bangil.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;TUJUAN DAN KEGUNAAN SKRIPSI.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            Tujuan dan kegunaan skripsi, yaitu menyajikan hasil-hasil temuan penelitian secara ilmiah yang berguna bagi pengembangan ilmu dan atau kepentingan praktis.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;KARAKTERISTIK SKRIPSI&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            Skripsi disusun mahasiswa harus :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.      Merupakan hasil karya asli bukan jiplakan, baik sebagian atau secara keseluruhan;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.      Mempunyai manfaat teoritis dan atau praktis;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.      Sesuai dengan kaidah-kaidah keilmuan dan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.      Menggunakan bahasa  Indonesia yang baku&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PERSYARATAN DAN PENYUSUNAN SKRIPSI&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            Untuk penyusunan skripsi, seorang mahasiswa harus memenuhi syarat syarat sebagai berikut :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.      Telah lulus mata kuliah minimal 140 SKS.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.      Pernah menempuh mata kuliah yang berkaitan dengan topik penelitian skripsi yang dilakukan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.      Pernah menempuh mata kuliah metode penelitian&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.      Nilai D tidak melebihi 10 % dari keseluruhan mata kuliah  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PERSYARATAN PENGAJUAN PEMBIMBINGAN SKRIPSI&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            Mahasiswa yang telah memenuhi persyaratan sebagaimana tersebut diatas diperkenankan mengajukan Pembimbingan Skripsi kejurusan dengan persyaratan sebagai berikut :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.      Mengajukan 3 (tiga) judul usulan penelitian disertai dengan Surat Keterangan Akademik ke Jurusan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.      Setiap judul usulan penelitian dicantumkan daftar pustaka minimal 5 (lima) judul buku (baik berupa buku ilmiah ( teks book ),  jurnal ilmiah atau majalah ilmiah)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.      Judul yang telah disetujui Jurusan, akan diumumkan disertai dengan penetapan Dosen Pembimbing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;DOSEN PEMBIMBING&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Persyaratan Dosen Pembimbing&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a.       Pembimbing skipsi adalah tenaga pengajar STMIK Yadika.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;b.      Setiap Dosen Pembimbing membimbing sesuai dengan beban kerja dan atau bidang minat/keahliannya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tugas Dosen Pembimbing&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            Dosen Pembimbing bertugas:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a.       Membimbing dan mengarahkan mahasiswa dalam menyusun “Kajian Pustaka”.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;b.      Membimbing dan mengarahkan mahasiswa dalam menyusun usulan penelitian.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;c.       Menandatangani usulan penelitian apabila telah disetujui.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;d.      Menghadiri seminar usulan penelitian:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.      Sebagai nara sumber.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.      Konfirmasi dengan Pengajaran/Jurusan tentang kesiapan seminar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.       Mengisi dan menandatangni Berita Acara Seminar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.      Menandatangani kartu seminar bagi mahasiswa peserta seminar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;e.       Membimbing dan mengarahan mahasiswa di dalam penyusunan konsep skripsi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;f.        Menandatangani kartu konsultasi mahasiswa, baik dalam penyusunan usulan penelitian maupun konsep skripsi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;g.       Hadir pada saat ujian skripsi dilaksanakan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Penggantian Dosen Pembimbing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            Apabila karena suatu alasan atau sebab lain, Dosen Pembimbing tidak dapat menjalankan tugasnya, maka pembimbing atau mahasiswa dapat mengajukan permohonan penggantian pembimbing kepada Dekan. Atas persetujuan Dekan, Ketua Jurusan dapat menunjuk penggantinya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;BAB II&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;TATA KERJA PENYUSUNAN SKRIPSI&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;DAN PENDAFTARAN UJIAN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            Mahasiswa yang akan menyusun skripsi, selain harus memenuhi persyaratan akademis dan administratif, harus pula mengikuti tata kerja sebagai berikut:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PENGAJUAN USULAN PENELITIAN  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.        Mahasiswa mengajukan 3 (tiga) judul penelitian, yang disertai Daftar Pustaka masing-masing usulan penelitian.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.        Jurusan menetapkan satu judul usulan penelitian untuk penulisan skripsi disertai dengan penetapan dosen pembimbing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PENULISAN USULAN PENELITIAN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.      Menyusun usulan penelitian dengan bimbingan dan pengarahan dosen pembimbing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.      Setiasp konsultasi dilengkapi dengan Kartu Konsultasi yang harus diisi dan ditandatangani oleh Dosen Pembimbing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.      Jumlah “Kajian Pustaka” minimal 7 (tujuh) referensi yang dapat meliputi: Buku Ilmiah (text books), Jurnal Ilmiah, atau Majalah Ilmiah.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.      Usulan penelitian skripsi yang telah disetujui harus ditandatangani oleh pembimbing, dan diajukan ke jurusan untuk diseminarkan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;SEMINAR USULAN PENELITIAN (SEMINAR PROPOSAL)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.      Persiapan seminar:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a.       Memperbanyak bahan seminar;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;b.      Menetapkan dua orang pembahas utama dari mahasiswa, yang dilakukan secara tertulis;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;c.       Menetapkan moderator dari mahasiswa;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;d.      Konfirmasi jadwal seminar dengan dosen pembimbing dan pengajaran/Jurusan;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;e.       Peserta seminar minimal 10 orang mahasiswa; dan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;f.        Mengisi Berita Acara Seminar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.      Peserta seminar adalah setiap mahasiswa STMIK yang sedang  menyusun skripsi sesuai jurusan masing-masing  dan harus mendapat tanda tangan dosen pembimbing seminar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.      Usulan penelitian yang telah diseminarkan dan diperbaiki serta dilampiri Berita Acara Seminar, diajukan ke Jurusan untuk mendapatkan surat ijin penelitian.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PENULISAN KONSEP SKRIPSI&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.      Mahasiswa menulis konsep skripsi sesuai dengan rancangan dan sistematika skripsi yang berlaku.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.      Konsultasi konsep skripsi kepada dosen pembimbing dengan disertai bukti-bukti pengumpulan data primer dan atau sekunder&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.      Setiap konsultasi dilengkapi dengan Kartu Konsultasi yang harus diisi dan ditandatangani  Dosen Pembimbing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.      Perbaikan/penyempurnaan konsep skripsi sesuai dengan hasil konsultasi dengan dosen pembimbing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5.      Meminta tanda tangan persetujuan konsep skripsi kepada dosen pembimbing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6.      Penggandaan konsep skripsi sebanyak 5  (lima) eksemplar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;UJIAN SKRIPSI&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.      Mahasiswa&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mahasiswa yang melaksanakan ujian skripsi harus memenuhi syarat-syarat sebagai berikut :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a.       Syarat Akademik :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.      Telah menempuh semua mata kuliah yang diwajibkan, dengan Indeks Prestasi Kumulatif    (IPK) sekurang-kurangnya 2,10 serta tidak ada nilai E&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.      Nilai D  tidak melebihi 10 % dari total mata kuliah&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.      Konsep skripsi telah ditandatangani oleh kedua dosen pembimbing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;b.      Syarat Administratif&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mendaftarkan ujian ke Bagian Pengajaran dengan menyerahkan  :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.        Kartu Konsultasi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.        4 (empat) eksemplar konsep skripsi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.        1 (satu) lembar surat keterangan daftar nilai&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.        1  (satu) lembar kuitansi pembayaran SPP  1 tahun&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5.        1 (satu) lembar kuitansi pembayaran ujian sarjana&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6.        Menyerahkan surat Keterangan Sumbangan Buku (2 buku Literatur terbitan diatas tahun 2000 ) perpustakaan (Ketentuan buku terpisah).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;7.        Pengumpulan pas foto ukuran 4 x 6 sebanyak sebanyak 6 lembar&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;8.        Mengisi biodata.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;9.        Menyerahkan bukti keikutsertaan seminar proposal minimal 10 kali.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;10.    Menyerahkan surat bebas pinjaman perpustakaan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.      Dosen Pembimbing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a.       Sebagai ketua dan atau majelis penguji&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;b.      Ketua majelis penguji menandatangani berita acara ujian; dan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;c.       Wajib menghadiri yudicium&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.      Bagian Pengajaran.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a.       Menerima pendaftaran pendaftaran peserta ujian skripsi dengan memeriksa persyaratan akademik dan administratif yang diajukan mahasiswa;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;b.      Konfirmasi dengan jurusan dalam menetapkan jadwal ujian; dan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;c.       Mengumumkan jadwal ujian, minimal 5 hari sebelum pelaksanaan ujian dilaksanakan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.      Jurusan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a.        Menetapkan dosen penguji skripsi;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;b.        Konfirmasi dengan bagian Pengajaran dalam menetapkan jadwal ujian;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;c.        Menentukan predikat kelulusan mahasiswa; dan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;d.        Menyerahkan berita acara ujian skripsi ke bagian pengajaran/seksi ijasah untuk diproses.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;BAB III&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;BENTUK DAN ISI SKIPSI&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;BENTUK SKRIPSI&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pada dasarnya bentuk skripsi terdiri dari:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.      Bagian Pembukaan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.      Bagian Isi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.      Bagian Penutup&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bagian Pembukaan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bagian Pembukaan suatu skripsi terdiri dari :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a.       Judul&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;b.      Motto (apabila ada)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;c.       Tanda Persetujuan Dosen Pembimbing&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;d.      Tanda Pengesahan Majelis Penguji&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;e.       Abstrak&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;f.        Kata Pengantar&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;g.       Daftar Isi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;h.       Daftar Tabel&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;i.         Daftar Gambar&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;j.        Daftar Bagan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;k.      Daftar Lampiran&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Judul&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Judul skripsi hendaklah singkat dan spesifik, tetapi juga cukup untuk memberikan gambaran mengenai penelitian yang dilakukan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Motto&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cukup jelas&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tanda Persetujuan Dosen Pembimbing&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cukup jelas&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tanda Pengesahan Majelis Penguji&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cukup jelas&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abstrak&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            Merupakan pemadatan dari hasil penelitian, maksimal 2 halaman kuarto satu spasi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abstrak mencakup:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;l      Permasalahan penelitian&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;l      Tujuan penelitian&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;l      Metode yang dipergunakan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;l      Hasil yang ditemukan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;l      Kesimpulan dan saran&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kata Pengantar&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            Mengemukakan tujuan penelitian, masalah yang dihadapi, siapa yang mensponsori kegiatan penelitian tersebut, juga ucapan terima kasih kepada yang memberikan bantuan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Daftar Isi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            Daftar yang memuat kerangka, unsur bahasan skripsi serta halaman dimana bahasan itu berada.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Daftar Tabel&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            Daftar yang memuat nomor,  judul tabel dan halaman dimana tabel itu berada.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Daftar Gambaar&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            Daftar yang memuat nomor, judaul gambar dan halaman dimana gambar itu berada.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Daftar Bagan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            Daftar yang memuat nomor, judaul bagan dan halaman dimana bagan itu berada.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Daftar Lampiran&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            Daftar yang memuat lampiran yang disajikan dalam skripsi dan disusun secara berurutan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bagian Isi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bagian isi dari suatu skripsi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a.          BAB I      :  PENDAHULUAN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;b.         BAB II     :  KAJIAN PUSTAKA (Hipotesis, jika ada)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;c.          BAB III    :  METODE PENELITIAN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;d.         BAB IV    :  HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;e.          BAB V     :  PENUTUP&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bab  I : Pendahuluan pada garis besarnya terdiri dari sub bab :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.      Latar Belakang&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.      Perumusan Masalah.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.      Tujuan Penelitian.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.      Kontribusi Penelitian.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5.      Sistematika Pembahasan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Latar Belakang&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            Pada dasarnya mengemukakan alasan tentang pentingnya penelitian, yang dapat dilihat dari perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan, permasalahan praktis, atau menjawab pertanyaan mengapa penelitian dengan judul  tersebut dilakukan. Oleh karenanya, uraian kualitatif dan kuantitatif  serta fenomena dari hasil penelitian terdahulu maupun data sekunder dapat dijadikan dasar untuk mengidentifikasi masalah penelitian. Penelitian dimulai dari adanya masalah atau ingin menjawab suatu pertanyaan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Perumusan masalah&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            Merupakan suatu bentuk penjabaran terhadap masalah yang telah diungkapkan secara konkret. Penjabaran yang harus dilakukan harus terarah, sederhana, spesifik dan dan diformulasikan dalam kalimat tanya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tujuan Penelitian.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            Merupakan bentuk pernyataan tentang apa yang akan dituju dengan kegiatan penelitian yang dilakukan. Oleh karena itu, pernyataan dilakukan secara deklaratif, ringkas dan jelas tentang apa yang akan dilaksanakan dalam penelitian, seuai dengan sifat permasalahan dan hasil yang ingin dicapai dalam laporan penelitian. Penelitian dapat bertujuan untuk menjajaki, menguraikan, mengurangkan dan menguji suatu gejala.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kontribusi Penelitian&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            Merupakan bentuk pernyataan tentang kemungkinan kontribusi hasil penelitian secara lebih spesifik, baik untuk pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan maupun untuk keperluan praktis.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sistematika Pembahasan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            Berisi tentang pemadatan isi dari masing-masing bab yang ditulis dalam skripsi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bab II : Kajian Pustaka&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            Mengemukakan teori-teori atau temuan-temuan ilmiah yang berkaitan dengan permasalahan atau pertanyaan penelitian. Dalam hubungan ini, pemilihan bahan pustaka didasarkan pada dua kriteria, yaitu (1)  prinsip kemutakhiran dan (2) prinsip relevansi dengan topik yang teliti. Untuk metode penelitian yang menguji hipotesis, peneliti harus membuat kesimpulan teori dan atau model teoritis, bilamana memungkinkan, dinyatakan pula dalam model hipotesis dan atau langsung dalam suatu perumusan hipotesis.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bab  III : Metode Penelitian&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            Menjelaskan bagaimana penelitian untuk skripsi tersebut dilakukan. Dalam metode penelitian dapat mempergunakan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            Adapun  bentuk  dan model penyajian kedua metode tersebut diatur sebagai berikut :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Metode Kuantitatif&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            Komponen-komponen metode kuantitatif pada garis besarnya memuat :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.      Rancangan Penelitian&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Diungkapkan tentang jenis penelitian yang dipergunakan, dan alasan menggunakan jenis penelitian tersebut.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.      Variabel dan pengukurannya&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Memuat tentang: Konsep atau Variabel penelitian berikut divinisi operasionalnya serta indikator dan items serta skala pengukuran yang dipergunakan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.      Populasi dan Sampel&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pada bagian ini dijelaskan secara devinitif karakteristik yang menjadi satuan penelitian, populas, besar sampel yang diambil serta teknik dan cara pengambilan sampelnya&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.      Pengumpulan Data&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mengemukakan tentang dimana lokasi penelitian dilakukan disertai alasan pemilihan lokasi. Selain itu, dikemukakan pula tentang metode yang dipergunakan dalam pengumpulan data, berikut instrumen yang dipergunakan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5.      Analisis Data.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Menguraikan tentang bagaimana peneliti memberlakukan data dalam tahapan-tahapan sesuai dengan tujuan yang hendak dicapai dalam rencana penelitian.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Metode Kualitatif&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;       Komponen-komponen metode kualitatif pada garis besarnya memuat:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.      Rancangan Penelitian&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Diungkapkan tentang jenis penelitian yang dipergunakan dan alasan menggunakan jenis penelitian tersebut.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.      Fokus Penelitian&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mengemukakan tentang penetapan masalah yang menjadi pusat perhatian penelitian.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.      Pemelihan Lokasi dan Situs Penelitian&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dikemukakan dimana tempat penelitian dilakukan dan dimana sebenarnya peneliti menangkap keadaan sebenarnya dari obyek yang ditelitinya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.      Sumber Data&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mengemmukakan sumber data yang dipergunakan di dalam kegiatan penelitian. Dalam hal ini dikemukakan pula pada “peristiwa” (event) apa data tersebut dikkumpulkan. Sebutkan pula aktor-aktor yang terlibat didalamnya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5.      Pengumpulan Data&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mengemukakan tehnik didalam menggali data di lapangan, serta menjelaskan alasan mempergunakan teknik tersebuut.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6.      Instrumen Penelitian&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mengemukakan alat yang dipergunakan di dalam menggali data di dalm penelitian tersebut.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;7.      Analisis Data&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mengemukakan tahapan-tahapan di dalam menganalisis data penelitian.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      Menyebutkan teknik analisis yang dipergunakan serta alasan mempergunakan teknik&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Analisis tersebut.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bab IV: Hasil dan Pembahasan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pada bab ini garis besarnya memuat :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A.     Penyajian Data&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;B.     Analisis dan Interprestasi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A.  Penyajian Data&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Menggambarkan sejumlah variabel atau masalah penelitian  yang mencerminkan kaarakteristik dari objek atau fenomena yang terjadi saat itu secaara kronologis menurut tujuan penelitian.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;C.     Analisi dan Interpretasi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Memaparkan perlakuan data atau fenomena dalam tahapan-tahapan analisis dengan tata cara (metode/teknik) tertentu, yang selanjutnya diinterpretasikan sesuai dengan konsepsi dan teori yang dipakai dalam rangka pencapaian tujuan penelirtian.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bab V: Penutup&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;       Erisi kesimpulan dan saran. Kesimpulan secara garis besarnya merupakan temuan pokok, baik bersifat substansial maupun metode teknis serta dikemukakan pula implikasi dari hasil pembahasan. Sedangkan saran merupakan implementasi dari penemuan-penemuan ataupun rekomendasi tentang studi lanjutan dan kebijakan-kebijakan yang akan datang.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bagian Penutup&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bagian penutup dari suatu skripsi terdiri dari:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a.       Daftar Kepustakaan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;b.      Lampiran-lampiran, terdiri dari:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.      Instrumen Penelitian&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.      Hasil analisis statistik (jika ada)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.      Daaftar Riwayat Hidup&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.      Surat Keterangan Riset dari tempat riset&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Daftar Kepustakaan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;       Memuat semua bahan rujukan yang dipergunakan di dalam penulisan skripsi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lampiran-lampiran&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;       Memuat bahan-bahan rujukan yang dipergunakan maupun bahan pembantu analisis yang tidak termuat di dalam bagian isi skripsi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.      Instrumen Penelitian&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Memuat seperangkat insstrumen beserta bahan-bahan yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.      Hasil Analisa Statistik&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Memuat semua analisis statistik (apabila mempergunakan uji statistik) yang dipergunakan dalam penulisan skripsi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.      Daftar Riwayat Hidup&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Memuat keterangan pribadi, yang mencakup:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.      Nama lengkap&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.      Tempat dan tanggal lahir&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.      Riwayat pendidikan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.      Riwayat pekerjaan (bagi yang sudah bekerja)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5.      Publikasi ilmiah&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PENGETIKAN DAN PENYAMPULAN SKRIPSI&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.      Bahan yang digunakan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(1)        Kertas yang digunakan untuk mengetik skripsi adalah kertas HVS 80 gram ukuran A4 warna putih.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(2)        Untuk sampul luar (kulit luar) ditetapkan sampul keras (hard cover).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bahan yang digunakan adalah kertas buffalo atau linen, sesuai dengan warna masing-masing konsentrasi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(3)        Tiap bab diberi pembatas dengan kertas dorslah (dorslag), sesuai dengan sampul luar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.      Jumlah halaman skripsi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jumlah halaman untuk skripsi minimal 60 (enam puluh) halaman, tidak termasuk bagian pembukaan dan bagian penutup skripsi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dengan proporsi jumlah halaman sebagai berikut:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bab I   :   10 persen&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bab II  :   20 persen&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bab III :   10 persen&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bab IV :   50 persen&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bab V   :   10 persen&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.      Pengetikan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.      Lay-out Kertas&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lay-out kertas, untuk pengetikan naskah  skripsi dengan mesin tik manual, mesin tik listrik, atau mesin tik elektronik adalah sebagai berikut:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- pinggir atas        : 4 sentimeter dari tepi kertas&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- pinggir kiri         : 4 sentimeter dari tepi kertas&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- pinggir bawah  : 4 sentimeter dari tepi kertas&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- pinggir kanan   : 3 sentimeter dari tepi kertas&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            Apabila menggunakan komputer, lay-out disesuaikan dengan ketentuan di atas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.      Cara pengetikan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(1)    Pengetikan hanya dilakukan pada satu muka kertas, tidak bolak balik.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(2)    Pengetikan dapat dilakukan dengan mesin tik manual, mesin tik listrik, mesin tik elektronik, atau komputer.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(3)    Jenis huruf yang digunakan adalah Roman, Sans serif, atau huruf lain yang setara.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(4)     Ukuran huruf yang digunakan harus  standar, yaitu Pica untuk mesin tik, atau Time New Roman (12)  untuk komputer.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(5)    Pita, atau tinta pada komputer, yang digunakan berwarna hitam.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(6)    Apabila menggunakan komputer, percetakannya pada dot matrix printer harus menggunakan NLQ (Near Letter Quality). Kalau menggunakan deskjert atau laserjet, cetakannya tidak boleh menggunakan huruf draft.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(7)    Perbanyakan hasil ketikan, atau print-out komputer dilakukan dengan fotokopi sejumlah yang ditetapkan Praktek Kerja Nyata fakultas. Bahan yang digunakan adalah kertas fotokopi ukuran kwarto.    &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.      Spasi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(1)    Jarak antara baris yang satu dengan baris berikutnya adalah dua spasi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(2)    Jarak antara petunjuk bab (BAB I) dengan tajuk bab (PENDAHULUAN) adalah dua spasi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(3)    Jarak antara tajuk bab (judul bab) dengan teks pertama yang ditulis, atau antara tajuk bab dengan tajuk anak bab adalah empat spasi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(4)    Jarak antara tajuk anak bab dengan baris pertama teks adalah dua spasi, dan alinea teks diketik menjorok kedalam tujuh ketukan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(5)    Jarak antara baris akkhir teks dengan tajuk anak bab berikutnya adalah empat spasi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(6)    Jarak antara teks dengan tabel, gambar grafik, diagram, atau judulnya adalah tiga spasi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(7)    Alinea baru diketik menjorok kedalam lima ketukan dari margin kiri teks. Jarak antara alinea yang satu dengan alinea yang lain adalah dua spasi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(8)    Penunjuk bab dan tajuk selalu mulai dengan halaman baru.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.      Kutipan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(1)    Kutipan langsung ( bisa dalam bahasa aslinya atau terjemahannya) , yang terdiri tidak lebih dari empat baris, dimsukkan di dalam teks dengan jarak tetap dua spasi, diikuti dengan nama penulis, tahun , dan halaman.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(2)    Kutipan langsung (bisa dalam bahasa aslinya atau terjemahannya), yang terdiri dari lima baris atau lebih, diketik terpisah dari teks, dengan jarak satu spasi dan menjorok masuk lima ketukan dari margin kiri teks, diikuti nama penulis, tahun, dan halaman.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(3)    Jarak antara baris akhir teks dengan kutipan langsung tersebut pada butir (2) di atas, dan jarak antara baris akhir kutipan langsung itu dengan baris awal teks berikutnya adalah dua spasi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(4)    Penggunaan gagasan atau pemikiran seseorang penulis buku, artikel, dan sebagainya, walaupun disusun dengan menggunakan kata-kata sendiri, harus pula dicantumkan namanya ( apabila perlu dapat pula dicantumkan judaul karya tulisnya) dan tahun buku/artikel itu ditulis, sesuai dengan kebiasaan penulisan pada masing-masing disiplin ilmu.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.  Tajuk   &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(1)     Tiap tajuk diketik dihalaman baru dengan huruf kapital ditempatkan di tengah, dan tidak diberi garis bawah.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(2)     Tajuk yang dimaksud mencakup:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.   ABSTRAK&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.   PRAKATA atau KATA PENGANTAR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.   DAFTAR ISI&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.   DAFTAR TABEL&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.   DAFTAR GAMBAR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.   DAFTAR BAGAN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.   DAFTAR LAMPIRAN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.   BAB I    :  PENDAHULUAN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.   BAB II   :   TINJAUAN PUSTAKA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.   BAB III  :  METODE PENELITIAN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.   BAB IV  :  HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.   BAB V    :  PENUTUP&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.   DAFTAR PUSTAKA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.   RIWAYAT HIDUP&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5.  Abstrak&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.      Pengetikan Abstrak&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(1)   Jarak spasi dalam pengetikan abstrak adalah satu spasi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(2)   Jarak antara judul ABSTRAK dengan teks pertama abstrak adalah empat spasi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(3)   Jarak antara alinea yang satu dengan alinea yang lain adalah satu setengah spasi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(4)   Alinea baru diketik menjorok kedalam lima ketukan dari margin kiri teks.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6.  Penomoran Bab, Anak Bab, dan Paragrap.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(1)       Penomoran bab pada petunjuk bab ( BAB I) menggunakan angka Romawi kapital, pengetikannya diletakkan di tengah.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(2)       Penomoran anak bab dan paragraf menggunakan angka Arab, diketik pada margin sebelah kiri.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(3)       Penomoran anak bab dan paragraf disesuaikan dengan nomor bab.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;7.  Penomoran Halaman. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.      Halaman bagian pendahuluan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(1)     Penomoran halaman bagian pendahuluan skripsi, mulai dari halaman “judul bagian dalam” , sampai dengan “daftar lampiran” menggunakan angka romawi kecil.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(2)     Halaman “judul bagian dalam” dan halaman “persetujuan pembimbing”tidak diberi nomor urut halaman, tetapi diperhitungkan sebagai halaman i dan ii (nomor halaman tersebut tidak diketik).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(3)     Halaman abstrak sampai dengan halaman daftar lampiran diberi nomor dengan angka Romawi kecil, yang merupakan kelanjutan dari halaman “judul bagian dalam” dan halaman “persetujuan pembimbing”.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(4)     Nomor halaman diletakkan pada pias (lajur) atas sebelah kanan, berjarak tiga spasi dari margin atas( baris pertama teks pada halaman itu) dan angka terakhir nomor halaman itu lurus dengan margin kanan teks.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(5)     Pada tiap halaman yang bertajuk, mulai dari Abstrak sampai dengan daftar Lampiran, nomor halaman diletakkan pada pias bawah persis di tengah-tengah, berjarak tiga spasi dari margin bawah.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.      Bagian Isi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pemberian nomor pada bagian isi skripsi ditetapkan seperti dibawah ini.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(1)        Penomoran bagian isi skripsi, mulai dari Bab I : PENDAHULUAN sampai dengan Bab V : PENUTUP, menggunakan angka Arab.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(2)        Nomor halaman diletakkan pada pias atas sebelah kanan, berjarak tiga spasi dari margin atas (baris pertama teks pada halaman itu) dan angka terakhir nomor halaman itu lurus dengan margin kanan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(3)        Pada tiap halaman yang bertajuk, mulai dari Bab I : PENDAHULUAN sampai dengan Bab V : PENUTUP, nomor halaman diletakkan pada pias bawah persis di tengah-tengah, berjarak tiga spasi dari margin bawah (baris akhir teks pada halaman itu)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.      Bagian Penutup&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pemberian nomor pada bagian penutup dilakukan sebagai berikut :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(1)          Peomoran bagian penutup, mulai dari DAFTAR PUSTAKA sampai dengan RIWAYAT HIDUP, menggunakan angka arab.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(2)          Nomor halaman diletakkan pada pias atas sebelah kanan, berjarak tiga spasi dari margin atas (baris pertama teks pada halaman itu) dan angka terakhir nomor halaman itu lurus dengan margin kanan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(3)          Pada tiap halaman yang bertajuk, mulai dari DAFTAR PUSTAKA sampai dengan RIWAYAT HIDUP (kalau ada), nomor halaman diletakkan pada pias bawah persis di tengah-tengah, berjarak tiga spasi dari margin bawah (baris akhir teks pada halaman itu)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;8.      Sampul Luar / Kulit Luar&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        Warna sampul untuk masing-masing konsentrasi pada setiap jurusan adalah sebagai berikut :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;STMIK YADIKA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;       Teknik Informatika                                                           :    Biru Tua&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Penulisan dan penempatan judul skripsi, anak judul (kalau ada), tulisan SKRIPSI, nama dan NIM mahasiswa, simbol/lambang STMIK YADIKA penyusunan skripsi, pada sampul luar dan sampul dalam, mengikuti ketentuan berikut :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.      Judul dan Anak Judul&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Penulisan judul dan anak judul diatur sebagai berikut :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(1)        Judul skripsi ditulis dibaris paling atas, dengan huruf kapital semua, dengan jarak dari tepi atas kertas sekurang-kurangnya enam centimeter.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(2)        Jenis huruf yang digunakan adalah Arial, Times New Roman, Park, Bremen, Presentation atau sejenisnya, dengan tinggi huruf sekitar empat mm.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(3)        Judul yang panjang ditulis menjadi dua baris atau lebih, dengan pemotongan judul yang logis, sesuai dengan kaidah bahasa Indonesia. Jarak antara kedua baris judul diatur agak rapat (satu setengah spasi).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(4)        Anak judul (kalau ada) ditulis dibawah judul, dengan huruf kapital semua yang lebih kecil dari huruf judul (jenis huruf sedapat mungkin sama), dengan diberi jarak dari judul sekitar satu setengah sentimeter dari baris judul yang paling bawah.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(5)        Anak judul yang panjang ditulis menjadi dua baris atau lebih, dengan pemotongan judul yang logis, ssesuai dengan kaidah Bahasa Indonesia. Jarak antara kedua baris judul diatur agak rapat.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(6)        Judul maupun anak judul tidak diakhiri dengan tanda titik (.).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.      Tulisan SKRIPSI&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(1)        Tulisan SKRIPSI ditulis dengan huruf kapital semua, diletakkan di tengah, dengan jenis dan besar hurup yang sama dengan anak judul.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(2)        Letak tulisan SKRIPSI sekitar dua setengah sentimeter di bawah anak judul. Kalau tidak ada anak judul, letak tulisan SKRIPSI sekitar lima sentimeter dari baris judul yang paling bawah.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(3)        Di bawah tulisan SKRIPSI, dengan jarak sekitar satu sentimeter, dicantumkan kalimat penjelasan berikut :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Diajukan untuk menempuh&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ujian Sarjana pada STMIK Yadika&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                     Catatan:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Huruf pertama pada tiap kata ‘Diajukan’,’Ujian Sarjana,’dan ‘STMIK      Yadika’ diketik dengan huruf kapital; lainnya dengan huruf kecil.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.      Nama dan NIM Mahasiswa&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(1)     Nama mahasiswa  ditulis dengan huruf kapital semua, diletakkan di tengah, dengan jenis dan besar huruf yang sama dengan anak judul.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(2)     Letak tulisan nama mahasiswa sekitar dua setengah sentimeter di bawah tulisan STMIK Yadika.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(3)     NIM mahasiswa ditulis dengan huruf kapital semua, diletakkan ditengah, dibawah nama mahasiswa, dengan jenis dan besar hurufyang sama dengan anak judul. Baris NIM diatur agak rapat dengan baris nama mahasiswa.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.      Simbol STMIK Yadika&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Simbol STMIK Yadika bergaris tengah sekitar tiga setengah sentimeter. Titik tengahnya terletak kira-kira di tengah-tengah di antara baris NIM mahasiswa dengan baris nama Perguruan Tinggi (STMIK Yadika).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5.      Nama Perguruan Tinggi, Jurusan, Kota dan Tahun Penyusunan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(1)       Tulisan nama Perguruan Tinggi, Jurusan, Kota, dan Tahun Penyusunan Skripsi ditulis dengan huruf kapital semua, dengan jenis dan besar huruf yang sama dengan anak judul, berurutan seperti contoh di bawah.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(2)       Tahun penyusunan Skripsi yang ditulis paling bawah diletakkan sekitar tiga setengah sentimeter dari tepi bawah kertas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(3)       Berturut-turut ke atas seperti pada contoh di bawah.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Contoh: (besar huruf dan jarak spasi sesuaikan dengan ketentuan)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;STIMIK YADIKA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;JURUSAN TEHNIK INFORMATIKA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;BANGIL&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;19…..&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Penempatan tulisan pada sampul luar ( yang sama dengan halaman judul )&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Harus memperhatikan keseimbangan jarak margin atas, bawah, kira dan kanan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Catatan:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dalam kondisi tertentu yang tidak dapat mengacu pada pengaturan seperti di atas, lay out sampul luar/kulit luar mengacu pada baris judal dan baris tahun penyusunan, dengan memperhatikan keseimbangannya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6.      Judul Bagian Dalam&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Judul bagian dalam sama dengan sampul luar/kulit luar, hanya dicetak pada kertas HVS.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;7.      Halaman Persetujuan Pembimbing&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Halaman persetujuan pembimbing adalah sebagai berikut:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(1)     Judul Skripsi diketik dengan jarak empat sentimeter dari tepi kertas bagian atas. Semua kalimat judul diketik dengan huruf kapital, dengan jarak antar baris yang rapat.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(2)     Baris subjudul diketik di bawah judul, dengan jarak sekitar satu sentimeter dari baris terakhir judul. Semua diketik dengan huruf kapital.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(3)     Nama mahasiswa diketik di bawah subjudul, dengan jaraksekitar satu sentimeterdaribaris terakhir subjudul. Semuadiketik dengan huruf kapital.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(4)     NIM diketik dibawah nama mahasiwa, dengan jarak rapat 1,5 spasi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(5)     Nama jurusan, dan konsentrasi diketik dengan huruf kapital.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(6)     Waktu pemberian persetujuan hanya ditulis bulan dan tahunnya, diketik dibelakang ‘Bangil’.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(7)     Lay-out ‘Menyetujui’: ‘Pembimbing Utama’, diatur dengan memperhatikan keseimbangan pada halaman ini.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;BAB IV&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PELAKSANAAN UJIAN SKRIPSI&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;UJIAN SKRIPSI&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;       Ujian skripsi dapat dilaksanakan sewaktu-waktu, sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Sidang ujian sarjana ini berlangsung sekitar satu jam, terdiri dari:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.      Ujian skripsi, dan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.      Ujian komprehensif.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;       Dengan demikian yang diuji adalah materi skripsi, integrasi, dan aplikasi mata kuliah utama, serta keluasan wawasan mahasiswa dalam bidang ilmunya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PANITIA UJIAN SKRIPSI&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;       Panitia ujian skripsi dibentuk oleh Dekan atas usulan Ketua Jurusan, dengan Dekan sebagai Ketua serta Ketua Jurasan sebagai Sekretaris.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MAJELIS PENGUJI&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.        Untuk ssetiap ujian, Dekan membentuk Majelis Penguji atas usulan Ketua Jurusan dengan Surat Keputusan Dekan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.         Majelis penguji terdiri dari 4 (empat) penguji, dengan Pembimbing Utama sebagai Ketua Majelis Penguji merangkap anggota dibantu oleh 2 (dua) orang dosen penguji, yang memenuhi persyaratan sebagaimana berlaku bagi dosen pembimbing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.        Pada waktu ujian, Majelis penguji memkai pakaian berrdasi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.        Majelis penguji wajib berada ditempatsebelum ujian dimulai hingga Yudicium dilakukan. Bagi anggota Majelis penguji yang tidak hadir/berhalangan, maka Ketua/ Sekretaris Panitia Ujian skripsi dapat menunjuk orang lain yang memenuhi syarat sebagai anggota penguji skripsi pengganti.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5.        Jika Pembimbing Utama tidakhadir, maka ujian dibatalkan dan diuji pada pelaksanaan ujian berikutnya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PROSESI&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.        Setiap peserta ujian wajib hadir di tempat ujian dengan berpakaian seragam resmi mahasiswa, minimal 15 menit sebelum ujian berlangsung.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.        Ketua/Sekretaris Panitia Ujian Skripsi mengundang semua peserta ujian ke ruang ujian dan membuka sidang ujian skripsi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.        Mahasiswa peserta ujian yang terlambat mengikuti acara pembukaan sidang ujian skripsi, dinyatakan batal untuk ikut ujian skripsi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.        Pelaksanaan ujian skripsi dilakukan secara majelis.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5.        Ketua Majelis Penguji memimpin proses ujian.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6.        Masing-masing penguji disediakan waktu ±15 menit untuk setiap peserta ujian.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;7.        Majelis penguji melakukan sidang setelah peserta ujian selesai diuji.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;8.        Ketua Majelis Penguji menyerahkan berita acara ujian kepada Ketua/Sekretaris Panitia Ujian Skripsi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PENILAIAN UJIAN SKRIPSI&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.        Kelulusan skripsi ditentukan oleh majelis tanpa nilai D/D+ dari penguji.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.        Aspek yang dinilai selama ujian skripsi terdiri dari:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a.       Wawasan bidang keilmuan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;b.      Isi skripsi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;c.       Lain-lain&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;       Penilaian ujian skripsi dilakukan dengan angka terhadap ketiga aspek di atas, dengan memperhatikan komonen-komponen sebagai berikut:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ASPEK&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;KOMPONEN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ACUAN PENILAIAN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;BOBOT&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;WAWASAN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Penilaian wawasan didasarkan pada&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a.       Pemahaman bidang keahlian&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;b.      Pemahaman keterkaitan isi penelitian dengan bidang keahlian&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;20%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;II&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ISI SKRIPSI, erdiri dari:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A.     PENDAHULUAN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.      Perumusan masalah&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.      Tujuan penelitian&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.      Kontribusi penelitian&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a.        Rumusan masalah jelas dan terarah&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;b.       Tujuan penelitian dijabarkan dengan jelas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;c.        Dijabarkan dengan jelas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;B. KAJIAN TEORITIS&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a.         Adanya relevansi dengan topik yang diteliti.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;b.        Kemutahiran Daftar Pustaka&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;c.         Pengacuan Daftar Pustaka.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;C.     METODE PENE-LITIAN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a.       Kesesuaian dengan masalah&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;b.      Ketepatan rancangan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;c.       Ketepatan instrumen&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;d.      Ketepatan dan ketajaman analisis.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;D.     HASIL PENELITIAN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a.         Manfaat dan kontribusi bagi pengembangan ilmu administrasi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;b.        Sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;c.         Kedalaman bahasan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;d.        Keaslian tulisan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;III&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;LAIN-LAIN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a.       Bahasa&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;b.      Format&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;c.       Ringkasan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jumlah&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;100&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.        Nilai skripsi adalah nilai rata-rata dari masing-masing penguji.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.        Hasil Nilai Akhir Ujian dinyatakan dengan huruf dan bobot sebagaiberikut:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;NILAI HURUF&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;BOBOT&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;B+&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;B&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;C+&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;C&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;D+&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;D&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;E&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3,5&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2,5&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1,5&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;0&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5.        Kemungkinan hasil ujian skripsi:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a.       LULUS (tanpa revisi)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;b.      LULUS (revisi minor)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;c.       TIDAK LULUS (tanpa revisi)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;d.      TIDAK LULUS (revisi minor)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;e.       TIDAK LULUS (revisi mayaor)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Keteragan:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;-           Revisi Minor adalah revisi berkenaan dengan teknik penulisan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;-           Revisi Mayor adalah revisi berkenaan dengan isi/substansi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6.        Jangka waktu ujian bagi yang tidak lulus ditetapkan pada saat yudicium.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;7.        Lamanya memperbaiki revisi adalah 3 (tiga) bulan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;8.        Penentuan predikat kelulusan mengikuti   rumusan sebagai berikut :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Predikat = IPK (Teori+Nilai Skripsi)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;9.        Predikat kelulusan yaitu :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a.       Cumlaude, jika IPK 3,51 – 4,00, dengan masa studi tidak lebih dari 5 tahun&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;b.      Sangat memuaskan , IPK 2,76-3,50&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;c.       Memuaskan, IPK 2,00- 2,75&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;10.    Ketua/Sekretaris Panitia Ujian Skripsi menyampaikan hasil yudicium berdasarkan hasil sidang Majelis Penguji&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;11.    Ujian Skripsi ditutup oleh Ketua/Sekretaris Panitia Ujian&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;SIFAT UJIAN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.      Ujian skripsi pada prinsipnya dilakukan secara terbuka, dalam arti dapat dihadiri oleh mahasiswa lain selain peserta, sejauh peserta ujian tidak berkeberatan. Jumlah yang menghadiri Ujian Skripsi maksimum 10 orang.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.      Bagi mahasiswa yang ingin mengikuti ujian tersebut diwajibkan mendaftarkan diri ke Sub.bag Akademik menjelang Ujian Skripsi berlangsung.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;WAKTU DAN TEMPAT PELAKSANAAN UJIAN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.      Ujian Skripsi dapat dilaksanakan setiap saat.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.      Waktu dan tempat pelaksanaan ujian ditentukan oleh Panitia Ujian Skripsi. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lampiran 1: TATA KERJA PENYUSUNAN SKRIPSI&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;TATA KERJA PENYUSUNAN SKRIPSI&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;NO                                          KEGIATAN           &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MHS&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;JUR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PMB&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PGJ&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;IZ&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A.      Pengajuan Usulana&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.        Pengajuan Judul&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.        Evaluasi Judul&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.        Seleksi Administrasi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.        Penetapan Dosen Pembimbing&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;X&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;X&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;X&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;X&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;B.       Pembuatan Usulan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5.        konsultasi pembimbing&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6.        membuat reading course&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;7.        pemberian kartu konsultasi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;8.        pembuatan usulan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;9.        konsultasi pembimbing&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;10.     pengajuan seminar&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;11.     seminar usulan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;12.     perbaikan usulan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;13.     persetujuan pembimbing&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;14.     pengajuan izin peneliti   &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;X&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;X&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;X&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;X&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;X&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;X&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;0&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;X&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;X&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;X&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;0&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;X&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;0&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;C.       Pelaksanaan Penelitian&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;15.     pelaksanaan penelitian&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;16.     konsultasi pembimbing&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;17.     persetujuan pembimbing&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;X&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;X&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;X&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;D.      Pelaksanaan Ujian&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;18.     seleksi akademis&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;19.     seleksi administratif&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;20.     penetapan tim penguji&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;21.     pengumuman pelaksanaan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;22.     pelaksanaan ujian&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;23.     pengumuman yudicium&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;24.     penyelesaian administrasi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;25.     perbanyakan skripsi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;26.     pengurusan ijasah&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;X&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;X&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;X&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;X&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;X&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;X&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;X&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;X&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;X&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;               Revisi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.        KONSULTASI PERBAIKAN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.        PERSETUJUAN PENGUJI&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.        IDEM : NO.23 s/d 26&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;X&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;X&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;X&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Keterangan :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MHS      :     Mahasiswa                           JUR        :     Jurusan                                 PMB    :     Pembimbing&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PGJ         :     Bagian Pengajaran              IZ            :     Bagian Ijazah&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lampiran 2 : FORMAT SURAT KETERANGAN AKADEMIK&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;SURAT KETERANGAN AKADEMIK&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ketua Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer (STMIK) Yadika Bangil menerangkan bahwa :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nama                                  :                                                                                                                                               &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;N.I.M                                  :                                                                                                                                               &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jurusan                              :                                                                                                                                               &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Konsentrasi                      :                                                                                                                                               &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Berdasarkan nilai-nilai akademik yang telah diperoleh sesuai dengan ketentuan fakultas, untuk persyaratan menyusun skripsi adalah sebagai berikut :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jumlah Kredit Yang Diprogram                         :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jumlah Kredit Yang Diperoleh                          :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jumlah Kredit X Nilai    :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Indeks Prestasi Kumulatif                                  :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;         Matakuliah yang telah ditempuh yang berkaitan dengan topik penelitian :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.          ………………………….&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.          ………………………….&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.          ………………………….&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.          ………………………….&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Demikian harap yang bersangkutan maklum dan dapat dipergunakan seperlunya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bangil,……………….&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A.n. Ketua&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;UB. KASUBAG AKADEMIK&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;……………………………….&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;NIP.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lampiran 3 : FORMULIR PENGAJUAN JUDUL PENELITIAN MAHASISWA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;FORMULIR PENGAJUAN JUDUL&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PENELITIAN MAHASISWA   &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yang bertanda tangan dibawah ini saya :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.   Nama   :                    &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.   N.I.M  :                    &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.   Jurusan               :                                                                                                                                               &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.   Konsentrasi       :                                                                                                                                               &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;dengan ini mengajukan alternatilf judul penelitian sebagai berikut :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a.                                                                                                                                                                                         &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                                                                                                                                                                            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                                                                                                                                                                            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;b.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;c.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Judul terpilih adalah  :  a.   /   b.   /   c.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                                                                                                              Bangil,…………………….&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mengetahui :                                                                                                      Yang mengajukan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ketua STMIK Yadika&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;u.b. Sekretaris&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;________________                                                                                         __________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;NIP.                                                                                                                      NIM.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lampiran 4 : FORMAT PERMOHONAN DOSEN PEMBIMBING SKRIPSI&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nomor            :      ………..                                                                                Bangil,…………….&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lampiran        :      -&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Perihal            :      Permohonan Dosen&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                Pembimbing Skripsi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kepada Yth.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;…………………………&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dosen STMIK Yadika&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Di Bangil&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mengharap dengan hormat kesediaan Bapak untuk memberikan bimbingan skripsi kepada mahasiswa :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nama                                  :                                                                                                                                               &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nomor Pokok                    :                                                                                                                                               &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jurusan                              :                                                                                                                                               &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Konsentrasi                      :                                                                                                                                               &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dengan judul                    :                                                                                                                                               &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                                                                                                                                                                            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                                                                                                                                                                            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dalam rangka melengkapi tugas-tugas dan memenuhi syarat-syarat guna mencapai gelar Sarjana Tehnik Komputer STMIK Yadika Bangil.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Atas perhatian dan kerja sama saudara, kami ucapkan terima kasih.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                                                              &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                                                                          A.n. Dekan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                                                                          Ketua Jurusan . ………&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                                                                     &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                                                                          NIP.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lampiran  5: FORMAT SURAT TUGAS&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;SURAT TUGAS&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nomor :      /ST/STMIK.Y/…./20…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ketua Sekolah Tinggi Managemen Informatika dan Komputer (STMIK) Yadika Bangil dengan ini menugaskan kepada :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nama                                                                  :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nomor Induk Pegawai                                     :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pangkat/Golongan                                           :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Program Studi                                                   :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Untuk bertindak selaku :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;DOSEN PEMBIMBING PENYUSUNAN SKRIPSI&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nama Mahasiswa                                            :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nomor Induk Mahasiswa                               :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Program Studi                                                   :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Konsentrasi                                                      :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Judul Skripsi                                                     :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Demikian surat tugas ini dibuat untuk dilaksanakan dengan sebaik-baiknya, dan dengan penuh tanggung jawab.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                                                                     Bangil,………………&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                                                                     A.n Ketua STMIK Yadika&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                                                                                NIP.     &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;          &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lampiran   6: FORMAT DAFTAR BACAAN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;DAFTAR BACAAN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;NAMA MAHASISWA                           : __________________________ NIM :_________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;JUDUL SKRIPSI                                         : ________________________________________   &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                                                                                                              .   &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;NO&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;JUDUL&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PENGARANG&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PENERBIT&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;TAHUN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;KETERANGAN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                                                                               &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                               &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                                                                                                Bangil, ……………20…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                                                                                                Disetujui&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                                                                                                Dosen Pembimbing                             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                                      &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                                                                                                (_______________)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                                                                                                NIP.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lampiran 7:  FORMAT KARTU KONSULTASI&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;KARTU KONSULTASI&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nama Mahasiswa                                 : _________________________________________             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;NIM                                                        :__________________________________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jurusan                                                  :__________________________________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Konsentrasi                                          : _________________________________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Judul Skripsi                                         :__________________________________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                                                 __________________________________________                                                                 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                                                 __________________________________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;NO&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;TANGGAL&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;KETERANGAN KEGIATAN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;TANDA TANGAN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                                                                                                Bangil,……………20…..&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                                                                                                Pembimbing,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Catatan :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kartu ini harap dikembalikan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sebagai prasyarat ujian                                                       (_____________________)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Komprehensif                                                                                       NIP.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lampiran 8 :  FORMAT KARTU PESERTA SEMINAR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;KARTU PESERTA SEMINAR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nama Mahasiswa                                 : _________________________________________             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;NIM                                                        :__________________________________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jurusan                                                  :__________________________________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Konsentrasi                                          : _________________________________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;NO&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tanggal&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Judul Seminar Yang diikuti&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dosen Pempimbin&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tanda Tangan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;7&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;8&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;9&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;10&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Catatan :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kami ini harap dikembalikan ke Jurusan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lampiran 9 :  FORMAT BERITA ACARA SEMINAR RANCANGAN PENELITIAN SKRIPSI&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;BERITA ACARA SEMINAR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;RANCANGAN PENELITIAN SKRIPSI&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pada hari ini , _______________, tanggal ___________20 __ , telah dilaksanakan Seminar Rancangan Penelitian Skripsi :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.          Judul                                                                  :     ________________________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                                                                               ________________________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.          Pemrasaran                                                       :     ________________________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;             N.I.M                                                                 :     ________________________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;             Jurusan                                                              :     ________________________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;             Konsentrasi                                                      :     ________________________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.          Pembahas Utama                                             : 1. ________________________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;             (Nama dan NIM)                                                2. ________________________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.          Moderator                                                         :     ________________________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;             (Nama dan NIM)                                              :     ________________________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5.          Dosen Pembimbing                                         : 1. ________________________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;             (Nara Sumber)                                                  : 2. ________________________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6.          Tempat Seminar                                               :     ________________________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;7.          Jam                                                                     :     ________________________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lampiran 10 :  FORMAT LAPORAN PELAKSANAAN SEMINAR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;LAPORAN PELAKSANAAN SEMINAR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.                Ringkasan dari Pembahas Utama 1.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;___________________________________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.               Ringkasan dari Pembahas Utama 2.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;___________________________________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;KESIMPULAN SEMINAR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(diisi oleh Dosen pembimbing)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.      Materi yang diseminarkan                          :     kurang/sedang/baik *)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.      Cara penyajian pemasaran                          :     kurang/sedang/baik *)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.      Persiapan pemasaran                                   :     kurang/sedang/baik *)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.      Diskusi selama seminar                               :     kurang/sedang/baik *)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5.      Penguasaan materi                                       :     kurang/sedang/baik *)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6.      Partisipasi peserta seminar                         :     kurang/sedang/baik *)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;7.      Hal-hal yang perlu diperbaiki                     :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;No&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sub-Bab&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Komponen Penilaian&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ya/tdk&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Uraian&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pendahuluan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.        Perumusan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Masalah&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.        Tujuan penelitian&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.        Kontribusi penelitian&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kajian Pustaka&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Methode Penelitian&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a.        Rumusan masalah jelas dan terarah&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;b.       Tujuan penelitian dijabarkan dengan jelas&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;c.        Dijabarkan dengan jelas&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a.            Adanya relevansi dengan topik yang diteliti.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;b.           Kemutahiran Daftar Pustaka&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;c.            Pengacuan daftar pustaka&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a.        Kesesuaian dengan masalah&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;b.       Ketetapan rancangan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;c.        Ketepatan Instrumen&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;d.       Ketepatan dan ketajaman analisis&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Demikian Berita Acara ini dibuat dengan sebenarnya dan segala sesuatu yang ditulis telah diketahui oleh pemasaran untuk dilaksanakan sebagaimana mestinya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bangil, ……………..20 …..&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dosen Pembimbing&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(……………………………….)                                      (……………………………….)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;*)coret yang tidak perlu&lt;br /&gt;Lampiran 11 :  FORMAT COVER (SAMPUL DEPAN) SKRIPSI&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(JUDUL)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                _____________________________________________________  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                _____________________________________________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                _____________________________________________________   &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;SKRIPSI&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;DIAJUKAN UNTUK MENEMPUH UJIAN SARJANA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PADA STMIK YADIKA BANGIL&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(Nama)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;NIM.______________________             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Logo&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(STMIK Yadika)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;STMIK YADIKA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;JURUSAN TEKNIK INFORMATIKA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;20…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lampiran 12 :  CONTOH MOTTO&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MOTTO&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Contoh-contoh:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Knowledge of man is not neutral in its import; it grants power over man as       well&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                                                                                                (Robert Fisdrichs, 1970)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As far the laws of mathematics rever to reality they are not certain, and as far as they are not certain, they do not refer to reality.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                                                                                                (Einstein)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lampiran  13  : FORMAT TANDA PERSETUJUAN SKRIPSI&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;TANDA PERSETUJUAN SKRIPSI&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;JUDUL                                    :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Disusun oleh                          :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;NIM                                         :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jurusan                                   :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Konsentrasi                            :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                Bangil,…………………&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PEMBIMBING  I                                                                                    PEMBIMBING  II&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;………………………                                                                             ………………………….&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lampiran 14 : FORMAT TANDA PENGESAHAN MAJELIS PENGUJI&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;TANDA PENGESAHAN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;TELAH DIPERTAHANKAN  DIDEPAN MAJELIS PENGUJI SKRIPSI, JURUSAN : TEKNIK INFORMATIKA SEKOLAH TINGGI MANAJEMEN INFORMATIKA DAN KOMPUTER  (STMIK) YADIKA BANGIL, PADA :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;             Hari                                                              :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;             Tanggal                                                       :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;             J a m                                                             :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;             Judul                                                            :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;DAN DINYATAKAN LULUS&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MAJELIS PENGUJI&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;………………………                                                                                          ……………………………&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;KETUA                                                                                                                ANGGOTA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;………………………                                                                                          ……………………………&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;KETUA                                                                                                                ANGGOTA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lampiran 15: FORMAT RENCANA PENELITIAN SKRIPSI (RESEARCH DESIGN)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;-            Halaman Judul&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;-            Halaman Persetujuan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.          Judul&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.          Latar Belakang&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.          Perumusan Masalah&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.          Tujuan Penelitian&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5.          Kontribusi Penelitian&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6.          Metode Penelitian&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;-            Kuantitatif&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a.     Rancangan Penelitian&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;b.    Variabel dan Pengukuran&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;c.     Populasi dan Sampel&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;d.    Pengumpulan Data&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;e.     Analisis Data&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;-   Kualitatif&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a         Fokus Penelitian&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;b         Pemilihan Lokasi dan Situs Penelitian&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;c         Sumber Data&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;d         Pengumpulan Data&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;e         Instrumen Penelitian&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;f          Analisi Data&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;7         Jadwal Kegiatan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;8         Lampiran&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Daftar Pustaka&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Instumen Penelitian&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lampiran 16: FORMAT DAFTAR ISI SKRIPSI&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;DAFTAR ISI&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ABSTRAK                                                              hal&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;KATA PENGANTAR                                                                                                       &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;DAFTAR ISI                                                                                                                       &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;DAFTAR GAMBAR                                                                                                         &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;DAFTAR TABEL                                                                                                              &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;DAFTAR LAMPIRAN                                                                                                     &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;BAB I           PENDAHULUAN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      1.1.       Latar Belakang..................................................................................................................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.2.       Perumusan Masalah.........................................................................................................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.3.       Tujuan Penelitian..............................................................................................................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.4.       Kontribusi Penelitian........................................................................................................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.5.       Sistematika Pembahasan .................................................................................................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;BAB II          KAJIAN PUSTAKA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      2.1.     ……….................................................................................................................................. ...............&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.2.     …………. ............................................................................................................................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.3.     …………..............................................................................................................................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.4.    Hipotesis .............................................................................................................................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;BAB III        METODE PENELITIAN...............................................................................................................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      *          Untuk pendekatan Kuantitatif......................................................................................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.1.   Rancangan Penelitian...........................................................................................................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.2.   Variabel dan Pengukurannya..............................................................................................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.3.   Populasi dan Sampel.............................................................................................................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.4.   Pengumpulan Data................................................................................................................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.5.   Analisis Data.........................................................................................................................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                      *          Untuk pendekatan Kualitatif&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.1.   Fokus Penelitian....................................................................................................................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.2.   Pemelihan Lokasi dan Situs Penelitian...............................................................................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.3.   Sumber Data...........................................................................................................................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.4.   Pengumpulan Data................................................................................................................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.5.   Instrumen Penelitian.............................................................................................................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.6.   Analisi Data...........................................................................................................................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;BAB IV.       HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN....................................................................................................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;BAB V.         PENUTUP  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5.1.   Kesimpulan............................................................................................................................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5.2.   Saran   &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;DAFTAR PUSTAKA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lampiran 17 : CONTOH DAFTAR TABEL&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;DAFTAR TABEL&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tabel No. 1 :          PERKEMBANGAN PENDUDUK DESA DADAPAN,  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                   KECAMATAN GUNUNG PERMAI, KABUPATEN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                   DATI II SAMIMAWON, TAHUN 2010-2020 .............................................................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;abel No 2         :        PERKEMBANGAN MODAL, VOLUME USAHA DAN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                   LABA PERUSAHAAN ANEKA CERITA, MALANG,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                   TAHUN 2010 - 2020.........................................................................................................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tabel No 3      :        MATRIK KORELASI ANTARA VARIABEL.............................................................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tabel No 4      :        REKAPITULASI HASIL PERHITUNGAN REGRESI&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                   LINIER SEDERHANA DAN PENGUJIANNYA..........................................................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;dst  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lampiran 18 : CONTOH DAFTAR GAMBAR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;DAFTAR GAMBAR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Gambar No 1   :        BAGIAN STRUKTUR ORGANISASI PERUSAHAAN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          “XX” DI BANGIL TAHUN 2010....................................................................................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Gambar No 2   :        MODEL HOWARD TENTANG PERILAKU&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          KONSUMEN.....................................................................................................................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Gambar No 3   :        MODEL KONSEPSI TENTANG PERILAKU&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                          KONSUMEN.....................................................................................................................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Gambar No 4   :        LOKASI PENELITIAN DAN PENYAMPELAN..........................................................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;dst&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lampiran 19 :  CONTOH DAFTAR LAMPIRAN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;DAFTAR LAMPIRAN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lampiran 1      :        NERACA PERUSAHAAN “XX” BANGIL&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                   TAHUN 2010.....................................................................................................................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lampiran 2      :        RUGI LABA PERUSAHAAN “XXX” BANGIL&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                   TAHUN 2010 - 2020.........................................................................................................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lampiran 3      :        HASIL PERHITUNGAN RATIO-RATIO KEUANGAN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                   “XXX” BANGIL 2010 - 2020...........................................................................................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lampiran 4      :        DAFTAR PEMEGANG TENDER DAN BESAR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                   PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN DI KABUPATEN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                   DATI II “X”.......................................................................................................................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;dst&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lapiran 20 : CONTOH INSTRUMEN PENELITIAN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;INSTRUMEN PENELITIAN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.        Nama dan alamat perusahaan:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.        Umur Perusahaan:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1-3/3-6/6-9/9-12/12-15/15-18/18-21/21-23/23-25&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lebih dari 25 tahun&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.  Milik Perusahaan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;     ( a).  Pemerintah&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;     ( b).  Swasta&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;     ( c).  Semi pemerintah&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;     ( d).  Asing : swasta/pemerintah&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.  Status Perusahaan:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;     ( a).  Organisasi induk&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;     ( b).  Cabang&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;     ( c).  Perusahaan tunggal&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;     (d ).  Lain-lain&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;dst&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lampiran 21:  FORMAT CURRICULUM VITAE&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CURRICULUM VITAE&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nama                                                                 : ...................................................................................................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nomor Induk Mahasiswa                              :....................................................................................................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tempat dan tanggal lahir                               :....................................................................................................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pendidikan                                                            :                                  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                                                           :....................................................................................................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                                        dst&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pekerjaan (bagi yang sudah&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                  bekerja)            :                              &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                                                            ....................................................................................................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                                                            ....................................................................................................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                                                            ....................................................................................................  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Publikasi-publikasi atau karya&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ilmiah                                                                :....................................................................................................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                                                            ...................................................................................................................                                                                                                                             .................................................................................................... ...............&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                                                                            ...................................................................................................................                                &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pasphoto&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3 x 4 cm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Lampiran 22 : CONTOH KUTIPAN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a         Kutipan langsung tidak lebih dari 5 baris&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(diketik dua spasi dan dimasukkan dalam teks)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Efektifitas adalah suatu keadaan yang menunjukkan tingkatan keberhasilan kegiatan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Manajemen dalam mencapai tujuan yang telah ditentukan lebih dahulu (Ya’gub, 1984:39).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;b.       Kutipan langsung lebih dari atau sama dengan 5 baris.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(diketik satu spasi dan terpisah dari teks).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Efektifitas organisasi adalah suatu keadaan yang mengandung pengertian mengenai terjadinya suatu efek yang dikehendaki.Kalau seseorang melakukan suatu perbuatan dengan maksud tertentu yang memang dikehendaki, maka perbuatan tersebut dapat dinyatakan efektif kalau menimbulkan akibat atau mencapai maksud sebagaimana yang dikehendaki (The Liang Gie, 1986:88).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kutipan tidak langsung: menggunakan kata-kata sendiri&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(diketik dua spasi dimasukkan dalam teks).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;          Walapun difinisi tentang efektifitas berbeda-beda antara satu penulis dengan penulis lainnya, namun pada intinya mereka mengataklan bahwa efektifitas tersebut berkaitan dengan pengukuran kinerja suatu organisasi. Artinya, sejauh mana organisasi tersebut dapat mencapai tujuan-tujuannya dengan menggunakan sumber daya yang tersedia (Ya’cub, 1984; Ibrahim,1983; Steers, 1983; The Liang Gie, 1988;Tannembaum, 1984).  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Lampiran 23:  CONTOH PENOMORAN BAB, ANAK BAB, DAN PARAGRAF&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;BAB  II&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;TINJAUAN PUSTAKA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A       Pengawasan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1    Pengertian&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2    Jenis dan Obyak Pengawasan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3    Tujuan Pengawasan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4    …………………..&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;B        Efektifitas Organisasi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1    ………………..&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2    Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Efektifitas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3    Ukuran Efektifitas Organisasi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a.        ……………&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;b.       ……………&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4    ………………..&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a.        …………….&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(a)     …………&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(b)     …………&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;b.       ………………&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5    Produktifitas Kerja&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;          Berdasarkan asumsi bahwa pengawasan mempengaruhi efektifitas kerja, maka beberapa peneliti telah melakukan penelitian tentang halini. Beberapa penelitian yang penting untuk dikemukakan adalah:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(1)        ………………………………….&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(2)        …………………………………&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lampiran 26 : CONTOH DAFTAR PUSTAKA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;             Pengetikan buku, jurnal, dan artikal yang digunakan sebagai bahan referensi, dilakukan seperti dibawah ini.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(1)      Jarak spasi yang digunakan untuk pengetikan daftar pustaka adalah satu spasi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(2)      Bari kedua tiap buku (jurnal, artikael lain) referensi diketik menjorok kedalam lima ketukan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(3)      Judul buku diketik miring (kalau ada huruf miring atau elite); semua diketik dengan huruf kecil, kecuali huruf pertama judul dan subjudul.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(4)      Kalau judul artikel yang digunakan merupakan bagian dari suatu buku (misalnya, beberapa artikel dengan penulis berbeda diedit dalam satu buku), maka yang diketik miring adalah judul bukunya (judul artikelnya tetap diketik dengan huruf biasa)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(5)      Judul jurnal tidak diketik dengan huruf miring (elite); yang diketik dengan huruf miring ; adalah nama jurnalnya; hanya huruf pertama judul dan huruf pertama subjudul yang diketik dengan huruf kapital, lainnya dengan huruf kecil.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(6)      Jarak spasi baris akhir suatu buku (jurnal, artikel lain) dengan baris pertama buku (jurnal, artikel lain) berikutnya adalah satu setengah spasi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(7)      Urutan pengetikan adalah:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(a)     Buku&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;·       nama penulis, baik penulis Indonesia maupun bukan Indonesia, di mulai dengan nama belakang (diketik lengkap), diikuti nama depan (diketik singkatannya), diakhiri dengan tanda titik (.); dan seterusnya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;·       Tahun terbit, diakhiri dengan tanda titik (.).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;·       Judul buku, diketik dengan huruf miring (elite) atau diberi garis bawah; semua diketik dengan huruf kecil, kecuali huruf pertama judul dan subjudul, diakhiri dengan tanda titik (.).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;·       Kota tempat penerbit atau negara bagian tempat penerbit (yang dapat didahului dengan kota tempat penerbit), diakhiri dengan tanda titik dua ;dan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;·       Nama penerbit, diakhiri dengan tanda titik (.);&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                Masing-masing dengan jarak dua ketukan, kecuali kota tempat penerbit dan     &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                nama penerbit berjarak satu ketukan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;         (b).  Artikel yang diedit dalam suatu buku&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;·         nama penulis, baik penulis Indonesia maupun bukan Indonesia, dimulai dengan nama belakang (diketik lengkap), diikuti nama depan (diketik     singkatannya), diakhiri dengan tanda titik (.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;·         tahun terbit, diakhiri dengan tanda titik (.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;·         judul artikel, tidak diketik dengan huruf miring (elite) atau diberi garis bawah; semua diketik dengan huruf kecil, kecuali huruf pertama judul dan subjudul, diakhiri dengan tanda titik (.);&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;·         nama editor (atau editor-editornya), diketik dibelakang kata ‘Dalam’ dan dimulai dengan nama depannya (diketik singkatannya), diikuti nama belakang (diketik lengkap), diakhiri dengan tanda titik dua&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;·         judul buku diketik dengan huruf miring atau diberi garis bawah; semua diketik dengan huruf kecil, kecuali huruf pertama judul dan subjudul, diakhiri dengan tanda titik (.) ;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;·         kota tempat penerbit atau negara bagian tempat penerbit (yang dapat didahului dengan kota tempat penerbit), diakhiri dengan tanda titik dua ; dan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;·         nama penerbit diakhiri dengan tanda titik (.) masing-masing dengan jarak dua ketukan, kecuali kota tempat penerbit dan nama penerbit berjarak satu ketukan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;         (c).  Jurnal&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;·       nama penilis, baik penulis Indonesia maupun dengan bukan Indonesia, dimulai dengan nama belakang (diketik lengkap), diikuti nama depan (diketik singkatannya) diakhiri denga tanda titik (.).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;·       tahun terbit diakhiri tanda titik (.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;·       judul artikel, tidak diketik denga huruf miring atau diberi garis bawah; semua diketik dengan huruf kecil, kecuali huruf pertama judu dan subjudul, diakhiri dengan tanda titik&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;·       nama jurnal, diketik dengan huruf miring atau diberi garis bawah, diakhiri dengan tanda koma (,);&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;·       nomor halaman, tidak diketyik dengan huruf miring; nomor halaman ini diketik mulai dari halaman awal sampai dengan akhir artikel.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;         (d).  Artikel lain&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                pada prinsipnya mengikuti aturan pada butir (a), (b) dan (c) diatas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(8).  Apabila dua referensi atau lebih yang digunakan, nama penulisnya sama, maka nama penulis pada referensi kedua tidak ditulis lagi; nama penulis diganti dengan garis bawah sebanyak tujuh ketukan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;BUKU&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Contoh : (besarnya huruf sesuaikan dengan ketentuan)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bandura, A. 1977. Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey; Prentice-Hall.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Atau :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bandura, A. 1977. Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey; Prentice-Hall.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Artikel Diedit dalam suatu Buku&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Contoh : (besarnya huruf sesuaikan dengan ketentuan)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lewin,K. 1958. Group decision and socal change. Dalam E.E. Maccoby, T.M. Newcomb, &amp; E.L. Hartley (Eds.), Reading in social Psychology.3rd edition. New York: Holt, Rinehard, &amp; Winston.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Atau&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lewin,K. 1958. Group decision and socal change. Dalam E.E. Maccoby, T.M. Newcomb, &amp; E.L. Hartley (Eds.), Reading in social Psychology.3rd edition. New York: Holt, Rinehard, &amp; Winston.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jurnal&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Contoh : (besarnya huruf sesuaikan dengan ketentuan)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bell, S.M. 1970  the development of the concept of the object as related to infant-mother attachment. Child Development, 41: 191-311.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Atau&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bell, S.M. 1970  the development of the concept of the object as related to infant-mother attachment. Child Development, 41: 191-311.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                           &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Artikel Lain&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mulder, N.1984. Kebatinan dan Hidup Sehari-hari Orang Jawa: Kelangsungan dan Perubahan Kulturil. Diterjemahkan oleh A.A. Nugroho. Jakarta: Gramedia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Atau&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mulder, N.1984. Kebatinan dan Hidup Sehari-hari Orang Jawa: Kelangsungan dan Perubahan Kulturil. Diterjemahkan oleh A.A. Nugroho. Jakarta: Gramedia.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7061784259311529797-7310973552477523416?l=endri-kusumah.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.stmik-yadika.com/PEDOMAN%20SKRIPSI.htm' title='Pedoman penyusunan skripsi'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/feeds/7310973552477523416/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7061784259311529797&amp;postID=7310973552477523416' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/7310973552477523416'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/7310973552477523416'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/2010/09/pedoman-penyusunan-skripsi.html' title='Pedoman penyusunan skripsi'/><author><name>Dede</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05004917547092378390</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='29' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pCptHLaJmzQ/TWXAB7OeW0I/AAAAAAAAAIM/_UlpBl3jG30/s220/images%2B%25286%2529.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7061784259311529797.post-5527864466753253427</id><published>2010-09-01T01:10:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-09-16T01:10:53.722-07:00</updated><title type='text'>10 Artikel Tentang Bisnis Untuk Pemula</title><content type='html'>10 Artikel Tentang Bisnis Untuk Pemula: Panduan Dasar&lt;br /&gt;Artikel di bawah adalah pilihan postingan lama yang pernah ditulis oleh admin blog bisnis online dimana merupakan referensi panduan dasar bisnis internet untuk pemula , dirasa patut dibaca bagi yang belum membacanya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Artikel bisnis tersebut hanya pengenalan alias kulit luarnya saja mengenai cara bisnis online/ mendapatkan uang melalui internet. 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SALAM..!!&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7061784259311529797-5527864466753253427?l=endri-kusumah.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://bisnis-online-internet.blogspot.com/2010/08/10-artikel-tentang-bisnis-untuk-pemula.html' title='10 Artikel Tentang Bisnis Untuk Pemula'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/feeds/5527864466753253427/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7061784259311529797&amp;postID=5527864466753253427' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/5527864466753253427'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/5527864466753253427'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/2010/09/10-artikel-tentang-bisnis-untuk-pemula.html' title='10 Artikel Tentang Bisnis Untuk Pemula'/><author><name>Dede</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05004917547092378390</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='29' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pCptHLaJmzQ/TWXAB7OeW0I/AAAAAAAAAIM/_UlpBl3jG30/s220/images%2B%25286%2529.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7061784259311529797.post-530760705922507530</id><published>2010-08-05T03:34:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-02-23T03:36:40.950-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Entrepreneurs'/><title type='text'>The second difference between entrepreneurs and employees is</title><content type='html'>&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; COLOR: purple; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-list: Ignore"&gt;2.&lt;span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"&gt;                  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; COLOR: purple; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"&gt;Employees prefer to manage via hierarchical structures.&lt;br /&gt;Entrepreneurs manage via networks, utilizing the resources of other people and organizations. &lt;?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"&gt; This means that employee-type leaders would rather hire people and bring their talent “in-house.” Rather than have an outside firm do their creative work, an employee-type leader would prefer to hire the talent and have them under their control. While there are economic reasons for doing this, the report stated that the primary reason is control. This is because employees gravitate to a leadership style that is more suited to a military command-and-control type of organization. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"&gt;My poor dad was successful in the hierarchical structure of the government, eventually rising to the top of the educational system as Superintendent of Education and running for Lieutenant Governor for the State of Hawaii. After losing that race – and his position as Superintendent of Education – he tried his hand at entrepreneurship. He purchased a national ice cream franchise that failed in less than a year. Why? While the reasons were many, one reason was his leadership and management style. When he said, “ Jump” … no one jumped. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"&gt;Instead of the military’s command-and-control leadership style, my rich dad used a more cooperative and collaborative style of leadership. He encouraged his son and me to learn to lead and manage people who are not required to follow our orders – people who did not need to jump when they heard the word “Jump.” Rather than hire people and bring them in-house, rich dad networked with other people and organizations, which tended to reduce his costs and at the same time increase his resources and influence in the marketplace. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"&gt;Today, The Rich Dad Company follows my rich dad’s advice. Instead of becoming a stand-alone publishing house, we choose to cooperate via a joint venture agreement with The Time Warner Book Group, as well as licensed publishers around the world who offer our books in 43 languages. In this way, we keep our core staff small, yet we utilize the thousands of employees of publishers around the world. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"&gt;But leveraging the assets and resources of partners is not enough. It’s important to choose the right partners – ones who are aligned with your goals and values.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"&gt;Choosing the right partners can make the difference between success and failure – as I’ve learned the hard way. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"&gt;As The Rich Dad Company has grown, we have worked with partners who have opened doors to opportunities that were much greater than what we could have been able to pursue on our own. In an entrepreneurial spirit, we formed alliances with major media organizations and international promotion firms that leveraged the Rich Dad brand with their worldwide networks. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"&gt;In doing so, we – as entrepreneurs – stay small, yet increase market share by cooperating rather than competing… by networking rather than hiring employees and bringing work “in-house.” &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"&gt;In 1989 the world changed.  That’s when the Berlin Wall came down and the World Wide Web went up. Instead of a world of walls, we became a world of webs… networks of people working cooperatively rather than competitively. It is a special honor for me to be recognized by Amazon.com, a pioneer in the brave new world of the web, founded by a great entrepreneur, Jeff Bezos. We at The Rich Dad Company join in celebrating Amazon’s successes and salute your leadership in this world of &lt;i&gt;webs&lt;/i&gt; rather than &lt;i&gt;walls&lt;/i&gt;.   &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"&gt;There are key, fundamental differences between the mindset of an employee and the mindset of an entrepreneur. One of the great things about this world of webs is that the world is now open for business to billions of people who choose to think as entrepreneurs – rather than employees.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7061784259311529797-530760705922507530?l=endri-kusumah.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/feeds/530760705922507530/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7061784259311529797&amp;postID=530760705922507530' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/530760705922507530'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/530760705922507530'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/2010/08/second-difference-between-entrepreneurs.html' title='The second difference between entrepreneurs and employees is'/><author><name>Dede</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05004917547092378390</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='29' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pCptHLaJmzQ/TWXAB7OeW0I/AAAAAAAAAIM/_UlpBl3jG30/s220/images%2B%25286%2529.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7061784259311529797.post-5851722867011830051</id><published>2010-08-04T03:28:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-02-23T03:34:39.807-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Entrepreneurs'/><title type='text'>The first difference between entrepreneurs and employees is:</title><content type='html'>&lt;p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"&gt;Entrepreneurs are opportunity-oriented.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="mso-tab-count: 1"&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"&gt;A person with an employee mindset might say, “I would start my own business but I don’t have the money.” Or “I’d love to invest in that piece of real estate, but I don’t have the down payment.” In both of these examples the person focuses on their resources, in this case their lack of money, rather than the opportunity. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"&gt;In a similar situation, a person with an entrepreneur’s mindset might say, “Let’s start the business and we can finance the business from the cash flow.” Or “Tie up the property and we’ll find the money later.” &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"&gt;My poor dad was a man who saw many opportunities, but failed to act on them simply because he was resource-oriented. Instead of taking action, he often said, “I wish I could do it, but I can’t afford it.” Or “I would go into business for myself, but I need a steady job. I have a mortgage and you kids to feed.”&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"&gt;My rich dad, an entrepreneur and my best friend’s father who taught me a lot about how the rich think about money, was a man who started with nothing, but eventually became one of the richest men in Hawaii. Today, when you look at Waikiki Beach, you see some of the biggest hotels along the ocean on land his family owns. He said, “If you do not have resources, you need to become resourceful.” That is why he forbade his son and me from saying the words “I can’t afford it.” He said, “Poor people say ‘I can’t afford it.’ That’s why they’re poor.” Instead he insisted we learn to say, “How can I afford it?” He believed that when we said, “I can’t afford it” our minds were turned off and went to sleep. When we asked ourselves, “How can I afford it?” our minds, our greatest resource of all, were turned on and put to work&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7061784259311529797-5851722867011830051?l=endri-kusumah.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/5851722867011830051'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/5851722867011830051'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/2010/08/first-difference-between-entrepreneurs.html' title='The first difference between entrepreneurs and employees is:'/><author><name>Dede</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05004917547092378390</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='29' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pCptHLaJmzQ/TWXAB7OeW0I/AAAAAAAAAIM/_UlpBl3jG30/s220/images%2B%25286%2529.jpg'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7061784259311529797.post-5540414541114803139</id><published>2008-09-03T23:32:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-09-03T23:47:08.424-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Think'/><title type='text'>Jalan</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_lV4pk4dJf0g/SL-C1E_xT-I/AAAAAAAAADA/V95qf2sADcY/s1600-h/Turtle01.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_lV4pk4dJf0g/SL-C1E_xT-I/AAAAAAAAADA/V95qf2sADcY/s320/Turtle01.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5242052339668439010" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ketika kita merasa bahwa kita masih tetap berjalan di tempat walau kita sadar bahwa waktu yang kita lewati tak terasa begitu berharganya, jika kita sesali pun kita tidak akan mendapatkannya kembali. Namun jika menghayal pun kita tidak tahu apa yang akan terjadi apa yang akan terjadi pada kita. Berfikirlah sejenak atas apa yang kita lakukan, jadikan setiap detik atas hidupmu menjadi lebih baik, dari detik yang lalu, menit yang lalu, jam yang lalu, hari kemarin, untuk menjadi lebih baik dan mencapai kebaikan yang hakiki. Hanya dirimulah yang mengerti akan kebutuhan dirimu, yang orang lain tidak akan bisa memberikan walau kau memintanya. Kenalilah dirimu sendiri, Kelak kau akan mengerti kenapa kau diciptakan, dan akan sadar bahwa bukanlah kita yang membuat peraturan melainkan Yang Maha Kuasa, yang pada akhirnya hanya kepadanyalah kita kembali.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7061784259311529797-5540414541114803139?l=endri-kusumah.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/feeds/5540414541114803139/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7061784259311529797&amp;postID=5540414541114803139' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/5540414541114803139'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/5540414541114803139'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/2008/09/jalan.html' title='Jalan'/><author><name>Dede</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05004917547092378390</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='29' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pCptHLaJmzQ/TWXAB7OeW0I/AAAAAAAAAIM/_UlpBl3jG30/s220/images%2B%25286%2529.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_lV4pk4dJf0g/SL-C1E_xT-I/AAAAAAAAADA/V95qf2sADcY/s72-c/Turtle01.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7061784259311529797.post-7285260337898362109</id><published>2008-09-02T19:54:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-09-02T19:56:01.693-07:00</updated><title type='text'>बुक प्रोटेक्ट USB</title><content type='html'>Update 27 Juni 2008&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Pernahkah mengalami Flash Disk atau Hardisk Eksternal dengan kabel USB yang tiba-tiba tidak bisa digunakan, mungkin di disable aksesnya atau muncul pesan Write-Protected ? Jika mengalami hal ini, atau ingin menonaktifkan penggunaan USB di komputer anda dan membatasi aksesnya, bisa dicoba tips berikut.&lt;br /&gt;Minimal ada 2 hal yang bisa menyebabkan media penyimpan USB tidak bisa diakses, pertama memang aksesnya di disable dan yang kedua, aksesnya di proteksi, biasa muncul pesan bahwa “The disk is write-protected”. Dua-duanya bisa diatur melalui registry windows.&lt;br /&gt;This Disk is Write-Protected&lt;br /&gt;Pada kondisi ini, USB masih bisa dibaca, tetapi tidak bisa ditulis atau untuk menyimpan data. Jika akan digunakan untuk menyimpan data maka akan muncul pesan seperti ini :&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Jika mengalami kejadian seperti diatas, maka coba ikuti tip berikut :&lt;br /&gt;1. Buka Registry Editor ( Start Menu &gt; Run, ketik : Regedit, kemudian tekan enter/klik OK)&lt;br /&gt;2. Cari Key berikut :&lt;br /&gt;HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\StorageDevicePolicies&lt;br /&gt;3. Jika di panel bagian kanan ada WriteProtect, double click dan dibagian value data isikan 0 atau hapus WriteProtect tersebut atau bisa juga hapus key StorageDevicePolicies. Kemudian refresh (View &gt; Refresh)&lt;br /&gt;4. Coba lepas USB Flash Disk dan ulangi copy datanya&lt;br /&gt;Sebaliknya, untuk membatasi pengguna komputer agar tidak bisa menulis, mengcopy atau memindah data di flash disk, maka bisa dilakukan dengan tips berikut :&lt;br /&gt;1. Buka Registry Editor ( Start Menu &gt; Run, ketik : Regedit, kemudian tekan enter/klik OK)&lt;br /&gt;2. Cari Key (mirip folder) berikut&lt;br /&gt;HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control&lt;br /&gt;3. Buat key baru (klik kanan dan pilih menu New &gt; Key, kemudian beri nama StorageDevicePolicies&lt;br /&gt;4. Kemudian buka key StorageDevicePolicies tersebut dan klik kanan pilih New &gt; DWORD Value beri nama WriteProtect&lt;br /&gt;5. Double click WriteProtect tersebut, di bagian value data dan isi dengan nilai 1. Klik OK&lt;br /&gt;Update 27 Juni 2008&lt;br /&gt;Selain CurrentControlSet, pengubahan juga harus dilakukan di key ControlSet001, ControlSet002 dan seterusnya jika ada. Jadi bisa di cek di Key berikut :&lt;br /&gt;• HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\StorageDevicePolicies&lt;br /&gt;• HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet002\Control\StorageDevicePolicies&lt;br /&gt;Setelah di set seperti diatas, maka semua user yang menggunakan komputer tersebut tidak dapat menyimpan, mencopy atau memindah data ke USB Flash Disk, tanpa harus me restart komputer terlebih dahulu. Sehingga muncul pesan disk write-protected seperti diatas. Tips ini dapat berjalan di Windows XP SP2 and SP3, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2003 dan 2008. (http://ebsoft.web.id)&lt;br /&gt;USB Mass Storage tidak berfungsi (Disable)&lt;br /&gt;Ada kalanya media penyimpan eksternal seperti USB Flash Disk, hardisk Eksternal dan sejenisnya tidak bisa diaktifkan atau di disable. Jika mengalami hal ini maka coba tip berikut :&lt;br /&gt;1. Buka Registry Editor ( Start Menu &gt; Run, ketik : Regedit, kemudian tekan enter/klik OK)&lt;br /&gt;2. Cari Key berikut :&lt;br /&gt;HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\UsbStor &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;3. Di panel bagian kanan double klik Start, ganti isinya (Value data) dengan 3 untuk mengaktifkan USB storage, jika isinya 4 maka Removable USB mass storage akan di disable.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Jika efeknya tidak langsung terlihat, maka Restart komputer terlebih dahulu. Tips ini dapat diterapkan di Windows Vista, XP, Windows Server 2008, 2003 dan 2000. (http://ebsoft.web.id).&lt;br /&gt;Sumber : http://www.mydigitallife.info&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7061784259311529797-7285260337898362109?l=endri-kusumah.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/feeds/7285260337898362109/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7061784259311529797&amp;postID=7285260337898362109' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/7285260337898362109'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/7285260337898362109'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/2008/09/usb.html' title='बुक प्रोटेक्ट USB'/><author><name>Dede</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05004917547092378390</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='29' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pCptHLaJmzQ/TWXAB7OeW0I/AAAAAAAAAIM/_UlpBl3jG30/s220/images%2B%25286%2529.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7061784259311529797.post-8851769775816446734</id><published>2008-08-07T04:03:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2011-02-23T04:13:08.479-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='komputer'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='colledge'/><title type='text'>COMPUTER NETWORK TECHNOLOGY</title><content type='html'>A. Preliminary &lt;br /&gt;Computer networks is not something new today. Almost in every company there is a computer network to facilitate information flow within the company. Internet is gaining popularity today is a giant computer network which is a network of computers connected and can interact with each other. This can happen because of the development of network technologies very rapidly, so that within a few years the number of users of computer networks belonging to the Internet doubled. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;B. Computer Networking &lt;br /&gt;1. Definition &lt;br /&gt;Computer network is a collection of computers, printers and other equipment are connected. Information and data moves through the wires to allow users of computer networks can exchange documents and data, print on the same printer and share the hardware / software that connects to the network. Each computer, printer or peripherals that connect denganjaringan called nodes. A computer network can have two, tens, thousands or even millions of nodes. A network typically consists of 2 or more computers that are interconnected among each other, and share resources such as CD-ROM, printers, exchange files, or the ability to electronically communicate with each other. Computers that connect those, made possible with the media cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellite, or infrared rays. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Network Types &lt;br /&gt;There are 3 kinds of Networks / Network are: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a. Local Area Network (LAN) / Local Area Network. &lt;br /&gt;A LAN is a network that is limited by a relatively small area, generally bounded by the area like an office environment in a building, or a school, and usually not far from about 1 km square. Several models of LAN configuration, one computer is usually made in a file server. Which is used to store software (software) that regulate network activity, or as software that can be used by komputerkomputer that is connected to the network. The computers are connected to the network (network) is usually called a workstation. Usually workstation capabilities over the bottom of the file server and have other applications on the hard drive in addition to applications for the network. Most LANs use the media cable for connecting between one computer to another computer. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;b. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) / Metropolitan area network &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A MAN, usually covering a larger area than a LAN, for example between regions within a province. In this case the network connecting several small networks into larger areas of environment, for example as follows: Bank network in which several branches of a bank in a big city is connected between each other. For example, Bank BNI in the entire region or Surabaya Ujung Pandang. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;c. Wide Area Network (WAN) / Large Scale area network &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wide Area Networks (WAN) is a network that already use a scope usually means satellite or submarine cable as an example of the whole network BANK BNI in Indonesia or in other countries. Using the WAN facilities, a bank in Bandung can contact its branch offices in Hong Kong, just a few minutes. WAN usually rather complicated and very complex, using many means to connect between LAN and WAN to the Global Communications such as the Internet. But somehow between LAN, MAN and WAN are not much different in some respects, only the scope of the area is just a different one among others. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. Protocol &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Protocol is a set of rules that govern communications between computers on a network, the rules include guidelines that apply to the ways or methods of accessing a network, physical topology, the types of cable and data transfer speeds. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Protocols supported are as follows: &lt;br /&gt;1. Ethernet &lt;br /&gt;2. Local Talk &lt;br /&gt;3. Token Ring &lt;br /&gt;4. FDDI &lt;br /&gt;5. ATM &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ethernet &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ethernet protocol is by far the most widely used, the Ethernet access method called CSMA / CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detection). This is a system where each computer listens to the cable network before sending anything into it. If the network is clear, the computer will transmit the data, if there is another transmission on the cable, the computer will wait and will try to re-transmission if the network has been clean. Sometimes, two computers transmit at the same time, when this happens, each computer will be back and will wait a random chance to transmit data back. This method is known to the coalition, and will not affect the speed of transmission on the network. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Ethernet protocol allows for linear bus, star, or tree. Data can be transmitted over twisted pair cable, coaxial, or fiber optic cable at speeds of 10 Mbps.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7061784259311529797-8851769775816446734?l=endri-kusumah.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/8851769775816446734'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/8851769775816446734'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/2008/08/computer-network-technology_07.html' title='COMPUTER NETWORK TECHNOLOGY'/><author><name>Dede</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05004917547092378390</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='29' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pCptHLaJmzQ/TWXAB7OeW0I/AAAAAAAAAIM/_UlpBl3jG30/s220/images%2B%25286%2529.jpg'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7061784259311529797.post-3902957258565819372</id><published>2008-08-07T04:03:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2011-02-23T04:13:06.549-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='komputer'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='colledge'/><title type='text'>COMPUTER NETWORK TECHNOLOGY</title><content type='html'>A. Preliminary &lt;br /&gt;Computer networks is not something new today. Almost in every company there is a computer network to facilitate information flow within the company. Internet is gaining popularity today is a giant computer network which is a network of computers connected and can interact with each other. This can happen because of the development of network technologies very rapidly, so that within a few years the number of users of computer networks belonging to the Internet doubled. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;B. Computer Networking &lt;br /&gt;1. Definition &lt;br /&gt;Computer network is a collection of computers, printers and other equipment are connected. Information and data moves through the wires to allow users of computer networks can exchange documents and data, print on the same printer and share the hardware / software that connects to the network. Each computer, printer or peripherals that connect denganjaringan called nodes. A computer network can have two, tens, thousands or even millions of nodes. A network typically consists of 2 or more computers that are interconnected among each other, and share resources such as CD-ROM, printers, exchange files, or the ability to electronically communicate with each other. Computers that connect those, made possible with the media cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellite, or infrared rays. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Network Types &lt;br /&gt;There are 3 kinds of Networks / Network are: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a. Local Area Network (LAN) / Local Area Network. &lt;br /&gt;A LAN is a network that is limited by a relatively small area, generally bounded by the area like an office environment in a building, or a school, and usually not far from about 1 km square. Several models of LAN configuration, one computer is usually made in a file server. Which is used to store software (software) that regulate network activity, or as software that can be used by komputerkomputer that is connected to the network. The computers are connected to the network (network) is usually called a workstation. Usually workstation capabilities over the bottom of the file server and have other applications on the hard drive in addition to applications for the network. Most LANs use the media cable for connecting between one computer to another computer. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;b. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) / Metropolitan area network &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A MAN, usually covering a larger area than a LAN, for example between regions within a province. In this case the network connecting several small networks into larger areas of environment, for example as follows: Bank network in which several branches of a bank in a big city is connected between each other. For example, Bank BNI in the entire region or Surabaya Ujung Pandang. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;c. Wide Area Network (WAN) / Large Scale area network &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wide Area Networks (WAN) is a network that already use a scope usually means satellite or submarine cable as an example of the whole network BANK BNI in Indonesia or in other countries. Using the WAN facilities, a bank in Bandung can contact its branch offices in Hong Kong, just a few minutes. WAN usually rather complicated and very complex, using many means to connect between LAN and WAN to the Global Communications such as the Internet. But somehow between LAN, MAN and WAN are not much different in some respects, only the scope of the area is just a different one among others. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. Protocol &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Protocol is a set of rules that govern communications between computers on a network, the rules include guidelines that apply to the ways or methods of accessing a network, physical topology, the types of cable and data transfer speeds. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Protocols supported are as follows: &lt;br /&gt;1. Ethernet &lt;br /&gt;2. Local Talk &lt;br /&gt;3. Token Ring &lt;br /&gt;4. FDDI &lt;br /&gt;5. ATM &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ethernet &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ethernet protocol is by far the most widely used, the Ethernet access method called CSMA / CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detection). This is a system where each computer listens to the cable network before sending anything into it. If the network is clear, the computer will transmit the data, if there is another transmission on the cable, the computer will wait and will try to re-transmission if the network has been clean. Sometimes, two computers transmit at the same time, when this happens, each computer will be back and will wait a random chance to transmit data back. This method is known to the coalition, and will not affect the speed of transmission on the network. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Ethernet protocol allows for linear bus, star, or tree. Data can be transmitted over twisted pair cable, coaxial, or fiber optic cable at speeds of 10 Mbps.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7061784259311529797-3902957258565819372?l=endri-kusumah.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/3902957258565819372'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/3902957258565819372'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/2008/08/computer-network-technology.html' title='COMPUTER NETWORK TECHNOLOGY'/><author><name>Dede</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05004917547092378390</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='29' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pCptHLaJmzQ/TWXAB7OeW0I/AAAAAAAAAIM/_UlpBl3jG30/s220/images%2B%25286%2529.jpg'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7061784259311529797.post-2373586406120234129</id><published>2008-07-18T22:00:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2008-07-18T22:14:25.296-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='liburan'/><title type='text'>Takdir</title><content type='html'>Jika semua yang kita inginkan terjadi maka apa yang akan terjadi?&lt;br /&gt;Pernah terlintas dalam pikiran jika benar terjadi, apa yang terjadi pada dunia ini. Karena keinginan kita semua tidak seperti yang kita harapkan, keinginan berasal dari rasa yang ada pada setiap diri manusia itu sendiri. Dan itu sangat wajar sehingga muncul sifat " Manusiawi " pada manusia tersebut. Karena manusia adalah makluk hidup yang sempurna dari segala hal, dan menjadikan beda dari hewan.&lt;br /&gt;Bagaimana menghadapinya?&lt;br /&gt;Sederhana saja, kita bisa melihat dari sekitar kita, jika kita benar-benar melihat dari kejadian dalam setiap detik yang berjalan yang hadir dalam hidup di sekitar kita. Sehingga kita bisa sadar bahwa kita ini ditakdirkan ada sesudah takdir itu ada. Sehingga kita sadar bahwa ada yang memegang kekuasaan (takdir) itu yang tanpa kita sadari berkuasa penuh atas jalan hidup kita.&lt;br /&gt;Bravo, bagi yang telah menerima takdir sesuai porsinya.&lt;br /&gt;Satu hal yang saya sadari, bahwa kita sebagai manusia ditakdirkan mencari ilmu, ilmu untuk mengenal diri sendiri, sebagai makhluk ciptaan dan mengetahui siapa Pencipta semua yang ada di alam jagad raya ini termasuk kita.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7061784259311529797-2373586406120234129?l=endri-kusumah.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/feeds/2373586406120234129/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7061784259311529797&amp;postID=2373586406120234129' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/2373586406120234129'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/2373586406120234129'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/2008/07/takdir.html' title='Takdir'/><author><name>Dede</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05004917547092378390</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='29' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pCptHLaJmzQ/TWXAB7OeW0I/AAAAAAAAAIM/_UlpBl3jG30/s220/images%2B%25286%2529.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7061784259311529797.post-5888028329912004714</id><published>2008-06-20T03:57:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-02-23T04:03:00.690-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='work'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Category Management'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Think'/><title type='text'>ADVANTAGES OF INTEGRITY</title><content type='html'>&lt;p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'; BACKGROUND: white; COLOR: black"&gt;ADVANTAGES OF INTEGRITY &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'; BACKGROUND: white"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="COLOR: black"&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Pembaca bulletin yang setia, dalam bulan ini kita masih fokus membicarakan bagaimana menjadi pribadi dan pimpinan yang berintegritas." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;Bulletin a faithful reader, in this month we still talk about how to be a personal focus and leadership with integrity. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Dalam edisi terakhir bulan ini kita akan menggali lebih dalam tentang integritas dalam tindakan nyata di bidang kerja kita masing-masing." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;In the last edition this month we will dig more deeply about the integrity of the real action in the field of work each of us. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="COLOR: black"&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Sinonim dari kata integritas terus berkembang seiring dengan semakin banyaknya orang telah memahami makna kata integritas itu sendiri." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;Synonyms of the word integrity continues to grow as more and more people have to understand the meaning of the word integrity itself. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Yang masuk dalam daftar itu adalah kejujuran, dapat dipercaya, teguh, berkarakter, konsisten dan benar." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'; COLOR: black"&gt;Included in that list is honesty, trustworthy, steadfast, character, consistent and correct. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="BACKGROUND: white"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Calibri;"&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="namun bagaimana caranya seseorang menerjemahkan kata-kata itu menjadi tindakan nyata ?" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;but how can someone translate these words into action? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="bukanlah itu merupakan tujuan kita saat ini, sesuatu yang lebih konkret ketimbang kata-kata." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;It is not our purpose at this time, something more concrete than the words. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'; BACKGROUND: white"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'; COLOR: black"&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Dalam bidang kerja kita masing-masing, kita bisa mencoba untuk bertindak atau melakukan sesuatu yang sederhana dimana tindakan tersebut bisa mencerminkan integritas pribadi kita masing-masing." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;In the field of work each of us, we can try to act or do something that simple actions that can reflect the personal integrity of each of us. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Ada beberapa karakteristik yang secara konsisten bisa diperlihatkan oleh orang yang berintegritas tinggi :" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;There are several characteristics that consistently can be shown by people of high integrity: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="COLOR: black"&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="1." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;1. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Menyadari bahwa hal-hal kecil itu penting" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;Recognizing that small things are important &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="COLOR: black"&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Ada cerita tentang dua ekor katak yang ditaruh disebuah tempat berisi air panas untuk membuat Sup." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;There is a story about two frogs who put in a place full of hot water to make soup. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Katak pertama yang menyadari bahaya yang dihadapinya langsung meloncat." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;Frogs first to realize the dangers that it faces directly jump. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Sementara katak kedua enggan melakukan itu karena ia merasa airnya sungguh nyaman." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;While the second frog was reluctant to do that because he felt the water was really comfortable. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="BACKGROUND: white"&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Ia memutuskan untuk tinggal disitu untuk sementara dan menikmati air hangat itu." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;He decided to stay there for a while and enjoy the warm water. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="ia yakin bisa meloncat saat menyadari air itu telah terlampau panas." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;he sure can jump when he realized the water was too hot. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="BACKGROUND: white"&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Saat temperatur airnya naik, sang katak menyesuaikan diri dan tidak menyadari hal itu, sampai akhirnya terlambat." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;When the water temperature rises, the frog adjusts itself and did not realize it, until it was too late. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Hidupnya pun berakhir menjadi sup katak yang lezat." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;Her life was frog end up being a delicious soup. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="BACKGROUND: white; COLOR: black"&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Begitu pula cara para karyawan kehilangan integritas dirinya, sedikit demi sedikit sampai mereka sadar tengah dalam bahaya dan tidak bisa lagi berpaling." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;Similarly, the employees how to lose the integrity of himself, little by little until they realized the center was in danger and can no longer turn away. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Jarang sekali orang kehilangan integritas secara mendadak atau tiba-tiba, biasanya itu dimulai dengan menurunnya standar integritas secara perlahan hingga sulit disadari dan sukar dihentikan sampai akhirnya mencapai akhir yang mematikan." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;&lt;span style="COLOR: black"&gt;Rarely do people lose their integrity suddenly or all of a sudden, it usually starts with a gradual decline in standards of integrity to the subtle and difficult to stop until it reaches the end of the deadly. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="BACKGROUND: white"&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Point penting dalam hal ini kita harus selalu peka dan sering untuk mengevaluasi diri agar sedapat mungkin bisa cepat memahami tentang perubahan yang terjadi dalam diri kita masing-masing." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;Important point in this case we must always be sensitive and often to evaluate yourself for as much as possible can quickly understand the changes that occur within each of us. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="BACKGROUND: white"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="COLOR: black"&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="2." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;2. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Selalu bertindak Konsisten" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;Always act Consistent &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="BACKGROUND: white; COLOR: black"&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Kalau kita memperhatikan Mc Donald's yang telah mengalami kesuksesan yang luar biasa didalam industri makanan cepat saji, itu karena Konsistensinya." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;If we look at the Mc Donald's which has experienced tremendous success in the fast food industry, it is because of consistency. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Bukan hanya karena rasa sausnya, daging ayamnya, minumannya maupun iklan pemasarannya." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;Not only because of the sauce, chicken meat, drink and advertising marketing. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Memang itu semua merupakan bagian dari formula rahasia dari Mc." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;&lt;span style="COLOR: black"&gt;It was all part of the secret formula of Mc. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="BACKGROUND: white"&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Donald's, akan tetapi kekuatan sebenarnya dari Perusahaan itu terletak pada konsistensi pelayanannya yang ditunjukkan oleh setiap gerainya yang terbentang hampir disetiap negara." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;Donald's, but the real strength of the company lies in the consistency of service indicated by each of the outlets that stretched nearly every state. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="BACKGROUND: white"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="COLOR: black"&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Konsistensi juga memberikan hasil pada tingkat personal." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;Consistency also provide results on a personal level. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Pertama, karena hal itu sulit untuk dijumpai ditempat yang lain." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;First, because it is difficult to be found another place. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Kedua, karena orang yang memperlihatkan konsistensi adalah orang yang sungguh nyata, apa yang Anda lihat itulah yang Anda peroleh." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;Second, because the people who showed consistency is a real person, what you see is what you get. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="BACKGROUND: white; COLOR: black"&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="'Diane" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;Diane Peck said, "People who demonstrate integrity, consistency between what he says and he did." &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="BACKGROUND: white"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="COLOR: black"&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="3." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;3. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Jujur namun Rendah hati" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;Honest but Humility &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="BACKGROUND: white; COLOR: black"&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Jika Anda sering mengatakan kepada orang lain betapa jujurnya Anda, mungkin saat itu Anda sedang berbohong." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;If you often say to others just how honest you are, maybe then you're lying. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="kejujuran bukanlah sesuatu yang Anda klaim, seperti gelar yang tinggi." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;honesty is not something you claim, such as a high degree. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Itu merupakan penilaian yang dibuat oleh orang lain berdasarkan tindakan yang Anda ambil setiap hari dalam hidup maupun pekerjaan Anda." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;That is the assessment made by others based on the actions you take every day in your life and your work. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="BACKGROUND: white"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="COLOR: black"&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Joe Badaracco (Harvard) mengatakan bahwa, orang yang berintegritas biasanya bergerak dengan sabar, hati-hati dan tenang." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;Joe Badaracco (Harvard) said that, people with integrity usually move patiently, carefully and calmly. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="BACKGROUND: white"&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Mereka memperbaiki atau mencegah kesalahan moral dalam lingkungan kerjanya secara diam-diam dan biasanya tanpa adanya korban." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;They fix or prevent moral mistakes in the work environment quietly and usually without any casualties. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="'Saya" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;I finally called them as "Leaders in silence" because of modesty and restraint capabilities that make them successful. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="BACKGROUND: #ebeff9; COLOR: black"&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Para pembaca, kalau kita mau mencoba membangun integritas dalam diri kita masing-masing, maka secara sadar sebenarnya kita sedang menyiapkan kesuksesan didalam karir dan hidup kita untuk jangka panjang." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;The reader, if we want to try to build integrity within each of us, then we are actually consciously setting up success in careers and our lives for the long term. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="integritas bukan hanya baik untuk lingkup pekerjaan saja, tetapi juga akan membuat Anda merasa nyaman dengan diri sendiri saat mempraktikkannya." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;&lt;span style="BACKGROUND: white; COLOR: black"&gt;integrity is not only good for the scope of work, but also will make you feel good about yourself when practicing. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Hubungan Anda dengan orang lain akan menjadi jauh lebih baik, dan secara umum Anda melakukan segala sesuatu secara jauh lebih baik." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;Your relationship with others will be much better, and generally you do things much better. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="BACKGROUND: white"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="COLOR: black"&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="________________________________________" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;________________________________________ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="COLOR: black"&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Kreasi adaptif oleh FHO, referensi : Adrian Gostick &amp;amp; Dana Telford, Keunggulan Integritas." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;Creative adaptive by FHO, reference: Adrian Gostick and Dana Telford, Excellence Integrity. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br style="mso-special-character: line-break"&gt;&lt;br style="mso-special-character: line-break"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7061784259311529797-5888028329912004714?l=endri-kusumah.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/5888028329912004714'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/5888028329912004714'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/2008/06/advantages-of-integrity.html' title='ADVANTAGES OF INTEGRITY'/><author><name>Dede</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05004917547092378390</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='29' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pCptHLaJmzQ/TWXAB7OeW0I/AAAAAAAAAIM/_UlpBl3jG30/s220/images%2B%25286%2529.jpg'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7061784259311529797.post-1598461219489285527</id><published>2008-05-11T04:21:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-02-23T04:25:15.326-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='work'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Category Management'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Think'/><title type='text'>FOREWORD TO 20 THINGS</title><content type='html'>M&lt;br /&gt;FOREWORD TO 20 THINGS&lt;br /&gt;any of us these days depend on the World Wide Web to bring the world’s information to our fingertips,&lt;br /&gt;and put us in touch with people and events across the globe instantaneously.&lt;br /&gt;These powerful online experiences are possible thanks to an open web that can be accessed by anyone through&lt;br /&gt;a web browser, on any Internet-connected device in the world.&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 1/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;But how do our browsers and the web actually work? How has the World Wide Web evolved into what we&lt;br /&gt;know and love today? And what do we need to know to navigate the web safely and efficiently?&lt;br /&gt;“20 Things I Learned About Browsers and the Web” is a short guide for anyone who’s curious about the&lt;br /&gt;basics of browsers and the web. Here’s what you’ll find here:&lt;br /&gt;First we’ll look at the Internet, the very backbone that allows the web to exist. We’ll also take a look at&lt;br /&gt;how the web is used today, through cloud computing and web apps.&lt;br /&gt;Then, we’ll introduce the building blocks of web pages like HTML and JavaScript, and review how their&lt;br /&gt;invention and evolution have changed the websites you visit every day. We’ll also take a look at the modern&lt;br /&gt;browser and how it helps users browse the web more safely and securely.&lt;br /&gt;Finally, we’ll look ahead to the exciting innovations in browsers and web technologies that we believe will&lt;br /&gt;give us all even faster and more immersive online experiences in the future.&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 2/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Life as citizens of the web can be liberating and empowering, but also deserves some self-education. Just as&lt;br /&gt;we’d want to know various basic facts as citizens of our physical neighborhoods -- water safety, key services,&lt;br /&gt;local businesses -- it’s increasingly important to understand a similar set of information about our online lives.&lt;br /&gt;That’s the spirit in which we wrote this guide. Many of the examples used to illustrate the features and&lt;br /&gt;functionality of the browser often refer back to Chrome, the open-source browser that we know well. We hope&lt;br /&gt;you find this guide as enjoyable to read as we did to create.&lt;br /&gt;Happy browsing!&lt;br /&gt;The Google Chrome Team, with many thanks to Christoph Niemann for his illustrations&lt;br /&gt;November 2010&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;W&lt;br /&gt;WHAT IS THE INTERNET?&lt;br /&gt;OR, “YOU SAY TOMATO, I SAY TCP/IP”&lt;br /&gt;hat is the Internet, exactly? To some of us, the Internet is where we stay in touch with friends, get the&lt;br /&gt;news, shop, and play games. To some others, the Internet can mean their local broadband providers, or&lt;br /&gt;the underground wires and fiber-optic cables that&lt;br /&gt;carry data back and forth across cities and oceans. Who is right?&lt;br /&gt;A helpful place to start is near the Very Beginning: 1974. That was the year that a few smart computer&lt;br /&gt;researchers invented something called the Internet Protocol Suite, or TCP/IP for&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 3/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;short. TCP/IP created a set of rules that allowed computers to “talk” to each other and send information back&lt;br /&gt;and forth.&lt;br /&gt;TCP/IP is somewhat like human communication: when we speak to each other, the rules of grammar&lt;br /&gt;provide structure to language and ensure that we can understand each other and exchange ideas. Similarly,&lt;br /&gt;TCP/IP provides the rules of communication that ensure interconnected devices understand each other so that&lt;br /&gt;they can send information back and forth. As that group of interconnected devices grew from one room to many&lt;br /&gt;rooms — and then to many buildings, and then to many cities and countries — the Internet was born.&lt;br /&gt;The early creators of the Internet discovered that data and information could be sent more efficiently when&lt;br /&gt;broken into smaller chunks, sent separately, and reassembled. Those chunks are called packets. So when you&lt;br /&gt;send an email across the Internet, your full email message is broken down into packets, sent to your recipient,&lt;br /&gt;and reassembled. The same thing happens when you watch a video on a website like YouTube: the video files&lt;br /&gt;are segmented into data packets that can be sent from multiple YouTube servers around the world and&lt;br /&gt;reassembled to form the video that you watch through your browser.&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 4/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;What about speed? If traffic on the Internet were akin to a stream of water, the Internet’s bandwidth is&lt;br /&gt;equivalent to the amount of water that flows through the stream per second. So when you hear engineers talking&lt;br /&gt;about bandwidth, what they’re really referring to is the amount of data that can be sent over your Internet&lt;br /&gt;connection per second. This is an indication of how fast your connection is. Faster connections are now possible&lt;br /&gt;with better physical infrastructure (such as fiber optic cables that can send information close to the speed of&lt;br /&gt;light), as well as better ways to encode the information onto the physical medium itself, even on older medium&lt;br /&gt;like copper wires.&lt;br /&gt;The Internet is a fascinating and highly technical system, and yet for most of us today, it’s a user-friendly&lt;br /&gt;world where we don’t even&lt;br /&gt;think about the wires and equations involved. The Internet is also the backbone that allows the World Wide Web&lt;br /&gt;that we know and love to exist: with an Internet connection, we can access an open, ever-growing universe of&lt;br /&gt;interlinked web pages and applications. In fact, there are probably as many pages on the web today as there are&lt;br /&gt;neurons in your brain, as there are stars in the Milky Way!&lt;br /&gt;In the next two chapters, we’ll take a look at how the web is used today through cloud computing and web&lt;br /&gt;apps.&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 5/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;M&lt;br /&gt;CLOUD&lt;br /&gt;COMPUTING&lt;br /&gt;OR, WHY IT’S OK FOR A TRUCK&lt;br /&gt;TO CRUSH YOUR LAPTOP&lt;br /&gt;odern computing in the age of the Internet is quite a strange, remarkable thing. As you sit hunched over&lt;br /&gt;your laptop at home watching a YouTube video or using a search engine, you’re actually plugging into the&lt;br /&gt;collective power of thousands of computers that serve all this information to you from far-away rooms distributed&lt;br /&gt;around the world. It’s almost like having a massive supercomputer at your beck and call, thanks to the Internet.&lt;br /&gt;This phenomenon is what we typically refer to as cloud computing. We now read the&lt;br /&gt;news, listen to music, shop, watch TV shows and store our files on the web. Some of us live in cities in which&lt;br /&gt;nearly every museum, bank, and government office has a website. The end result? We spend less time in lines&lt;br /&gt;or on the phone, as these websites allow us to do things like pay bills and make reservations. The movement of&lt;br /&gt;many of our daily tasks online enables us to live more fully in the real world.&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 6/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Cloud computing offers other benefits as well. Not too long ago, many of us worried about losing our&lt;br /&gt;documents, photos and files if something bad happened to our computers, like a virus or a hardware malfunction.&lt;br /&gt;Today, our data is migrating beyond the boundaries of our personal computers. Instead, we’re moving our data&lt;br /&gt;online into “the cloud”. If you upload your photos, store critical files online and use a web-based email service&lt;br /&gt;like Gmail or Yahoo! Mail, an 18-wheel truck could run over your laptop and all your data would still safely&lt;br /&gt;reside on the web, accessible from any Internet-connected computer, anywhere in the world.&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 7/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;I&lt;br /&gt;WEB APPS&lt;br /&gt;OR, “LIFE, LIBERTY AND THE&lt;br /&gt;PURSUIT OF APPINESS”&lt;br /&gt;f you play online games, use an online photo editor, or rely on web-based services like Google Maps, Twitter,&lt;br /&gt;Amazon, YouTube or Facebook, then you’re an active resident in the wonderful world of web apps.&lt;br /&gt;What exactly is a web app, anyway? And why should we care?&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 8/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;App is shorthand for an application. Applications are also called programs or software. Traditionally, they’ve&lt;br /&gt;been designed to do broad, intensive tasks like accounting or word processing. In the online world of web&lt;br /&gt;browsers and smart phones, apps are usually nimbler programs focused on a single task. Web apps, in particular,&lt;br /&gt;run these tasks inside the web browser and often provide a rich, interactive experience.&lt;br /&gt;Google Maps is a good example of a web app. It’s focused on one task: providing helpful map features&lt;br /&gt;within a web browser. You can pan and zoom around a map, search for a college or cafe, and get driving&lt;br /&gt;directions, among other tasks. All the information you need is pulled into the web app dynamically every time you&lt;br /&gt;ask for it.&lt;br /&gt;This brings us to four virtues of Web Appiness:&lt;br /&gt;1. I can access my data from anywhere.&lt;br /&gt;In the traditional world of desktop applications, data is usually stored on my computer’s hard drive. If I’m on&lt;br /&gt;vacation and leave my computer at home, I can’t access my email, photos, or any of my data when I need it.&lt;br /&gt;In the new world of web apps, my email and all my data are stored online on the web. I can get to it on a&lt;br /&gt;web browser from any computer that’s connected to the Internet.&lt;br /&gt;2. I’ll always get the latest version of any app.&lt;br /&gt;Which version of YouTube am I using today? What about tomorrow? The answer: Always the latest. Web apps&lt;br /&gt;update themselves automatically, so there’s always just one version: the latest version, with all the newest&lt;br /&gt;features and improvements. No need to&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 9/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;manually upgrade to a new version every time. And I don’t have to go through a lengthy install process to use&lt;br /&gt;my web apps.&lt;br /&gt;3. It works on every device with a web browser.&lt;br /&gt;In traditional computing, some programs work only on particular systems or devices. For instance, many programs&lt;br /&gt;written for a PC won’t work on a Mac. Keeping up with all the right software can be time-consuming and&lt;br /&gt;costly. In contrast, the web is an open platform. Anyone can reach it from a browser on any web-connected&lt;br /&gt;device, regardless of whether it’s a desktop computer, laptop, or mobile phone. That means I can use my&lt;br /&gt;favorite web apps even if I’m using my friend’s laptop or a computer at an Internet cafe.&lt;br /&gt;4. It’s safer.&lt;br /&gt;Web apps run in the browser and I never&lt;br /&gt;have to download them onto my computer. Because of this separation between the app code and my computer’s&lt;br /&gt;code, web apps can’t interfere with other tasks on my computer or the overall performance of my machine. This&lt;br /&gt;means that I’m better protected from threats like viruses, malware and spyware.&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 10/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;W&lt;br /&gt;HTML, JAVASCRIPT, CSS&lt;br /&gt;AND MORE&lt;br /&gt;OR, THIS IS NOT YOUR MOM’S AJAX&lt;br /&gt;eb pages are written in HTML, the web programming language that tells web browsers how to structure&lt;br /&gt;and present content on a web page. In other words, HTML provides the basic building blocks for the&lt;br /&gt;web. And for a long time, those building blocks were pretty simple and static: lines of text, links and images.&lt;br /&gt;Today, we expect to be able to do things like play online chess or seamlessly scroll around a map of our&lt;br /&gt;neighborhood, without waiting for the entire page to reload for every chess move or every map scroll.&lt;br /&gt;The idea of such dynamic web pages began&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 11/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;with the invention of the scripting language JavaScript. JavaScript support in major web browsers meant that web&lt;br /&gt;pages could incorporate more meaningful real-time interactions. For example, if you’ve filled out an online form&lt;br /&gt;and hit the “submit” button, the web page can use JavaScript to check your entries in real-time and alert you&lt;br /&gt;almost instantly if you had filled out the form incorrectly.&lt;br /&gt;But the dynamic web as we know it today truly came to life when XHR (XMLHttpRequest) was introduced&lt;br /&gt;into JavaScript, and first used in web applications like Microsoft Outlook for the Web, Gmail and Google Maps.&lt;br /&gt;XHR enabled individual parts of a web page — a game, a map, a video, a little survey — to be altered without&lt;br /&gt;needing to reload the entire page. As a result, web apps are faster and more responsive.&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 12/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Web pages have also become more expressive with the introduction of CSS (Cascading Style Sheets). CSS&lt;br /&gt;gives programmers an easy, efficient way to define a web page’s layout and beautify the page with design&lt;br /&gt;elements like colors, rounded corners, gradients, and animation.&lt;br /&gt;Web programmers often refer to this potent combination of JavaScript, XHR, CSS and several other web&lt;br /&gt;technologies as AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML). HTML has also continued to evolve as more&lt;br /&gt;features and improvements are incorporated into new versions of the HTML standard.&lt;br /&gt;Today’s web has evolved from the ongoing efforts of all the technologists, thinkers, coders and organizations&lt;br /&gt;who create these web technologies and ensure that they’re supported in web browsers like Internet Explorer,&lt;br /&gt;Firefox, Safari and Google Chrome. This interaction between web technologies and browsers has made the web&lt;br /&gt;an open and friendly construction platform for web developers, who then bring to life many useful and fun web&lt;br /&gt;applications that we use daily.&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 13/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;M&lt;br /&gt;HTML5&lt;br /&gt;OR, IN THE BEGINNING THERE WAS NO &lt;VIDEO&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ore than two decades after HTML was introduced, we’re still asking questions about what the web is,&lt;br /&gt;and what it might become. What kinds of features and applications would we, as users, find fun, useful or&lt;br /&gt;even indispensable? What tools do developers need in order to create these great sites and apps? And finally,&lt;br /&gt;how can all this goodness be delivered inside a web browser?&lt;br /&gt;These questions led to the evolution of the latest version of HTML known as HTML5, a set of capabilities&lt;br /&gt;that gives web designers and developers the ability to create the next generation of great online applications.&lt;br /&gt;Take the HTML5 &lt;video&gt; tag, for example. Video wasn’t a major (or, really, any) part of the early web;&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 14/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;instead, internet users installed additional software called plug-ins, in order to watch videos inside their web&lt;br /&gt;browsers. Soon it became apparent that easy access to video was a much-wanted feature on the web. The&lt;br /&gt;introduction of the &lt;video&gt; tag in HTML5 allows videos to be easily embedded and played in web pages without&lt;br /&gt;additional software.&lt;br /&gt;Other cool HTML5 features include offline capabilities that let users interact with web apps even when they&lt;br /&gt;don’t have an internet connection, as well as drag-and-drop capabilities. In Gmail, for instance, easy drag-and-drop&lt;br /&gt;allows users to instantly attach a file to an email message by simply dragging the file from the user’s desktop&lt;br /&gt;computer into the browser window.&lt;br /&gt;HTML5, like the web itself, is in perpetual&lt;br /&gt;evolution, based on users’ needs and developers’ imaginations. As an open standard, HTML5 embodies some of&lt;br /&gt;the best aspects of the web: it works everywhere, and on any device with a modern browser. But just as you&lt;br /&gt;can only watch HDTV broadcasts on an HD-compatible television, you need to use an up-to-date, HTML5-&lt;br /&gt;compatible browser in order to enjoy sites and apps that take advantage of HTML5’s features. Thankfully, as an&lt;br /&gt;Internet user, you have lots of choice when it comes to web browsers — and unlike TVs, web browsers can be&lt;br /&gt;downloaded for free.&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 15/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;3&lt;br /&gt;3D IN THE BROWSER&lt;br /&gt;OR, BROWSING WITH MORE DEPTH&lt;br /&gt;D graphics and animation can be truly captivating with all the right details in place: details like lighting and&lt;br /&gt;shadows, reflections, and realistic textures. But until now, it has been hard to deliver a compelling 3D&lt;br /&gt;experience, particularly over the Internet.&lt;br /&gt;Why? Mostly because creating a 3D experience in games and other applications requires data — lots and&lt;br /&gt;lots of data — to display intricate textures and shapes. In the past, these large amounts of data demanded more&lt;br /&gt;Internet bandwidth and more computing&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 16/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;power than most common systems could handle. All that has changed very recently, and all for the better:&lt;br /&gt;browser-based 3D has arrived.&lt;br /&gt;Modern broadband helped solve bandwidth needs. Many homes and offices now have broadband speeds that&lt;br /&gt;dwarf the connections of even ten years ago. As a result, it’s possible to send large amounts of data over the&lt;br /&gt;Internet — data that is needed to display realistic 3D experiences in the browser. In addition, the computers we&lt;br /&gt;use today are so much more powerful than what we had in the past: processors and memory have improved&lt;br /&gt;such that even a standard laptop or desktop today can handle the complexity of 3D graphics.&lt;br /&gt;Neither broadband nor raw computing power would matter without substantial advancements in the web&lt;br /&gt;browser’s capabilities. Many modern browsers have adopted open web technologies like WebGL and 3D CSS.&lt;br /&gt;With these technologies, web developers can create cool 3D effects for their web applications, and we can&lt;br /&gt;experience them without needing additional plug-ins. On top of that, many modern browsers now take advantage&lt;br /&gt;of a technique known as hardware-acceleration. This means that the browser can use the Graphics Processing&lt;br /&gt;Unit, or GPU, to speed up the computations needed to display both 3D and everyday 2D web content.&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 17/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;So why is 3D in the browser a big deal? Because now it joins HTML5, JavaScript and other nifty new&lt;br /&gt;technologies in the toolkit that web developers can use to create a powerful new generation of web applications.&lt;br /&gt;For users, this means great new ways to visualize the information we find useful, and more fun online with&lt;br /&gt;engaging 3D environments and games.&lt;br /&gt;Most importantly, 3D in the browser comes with all the goodness of web apps: you can share, collaborate,&lt;br /&gt;and personalize the latest apps with friends all over the world. Definitely more data and fun that everyone can&lt;br /&gt;use.&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 18/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;A BROWSER MADRIGAL&lt;br /&gt;OR, OLD VS. MODERN BROWSERS&lt;br /&gt;Crabbed old and modern browsers&lt;br /&gt;Cannot live together:&lt;br /&gt;The modern browser is faster, featureful, and more secure&lt;br /&gt;The old browser is slow, and at worst, a dreadful danger&lt;br /&gt;Malicious attacks it cannot endure.&lt;br /&gt;(with apologies to Shakespeare)&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 19/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Most of us don’t realize how much an old and out-of-date web browser can negatively impact our online&lt;br /&gt;lives, particularly our online safety. You wouldn’t drive an old car with bald tires, bad brakes, and an unreliable&lt;br /&gt;engine for years on end. It’s a bad idea to take the same chances with the web browser that you use daily to&lt;br /&gt;navigate to every page and application on the web.&lt;br /&gt;Upgrading to a modern browser — like the latest version of Mozilla Firefox, Apple Safari, Microsoft Internet&lt;br /&gt;Explorer, Opera, or Google Chrome — is important for three reasons:&lt;br /&gt;First, old browsers are vulnerable to attacks, because they typically aren’t updated with the latest security&lt;br /&gt;fixes and features. Browser vulnerabilities can lead to stolen passwords, malicious software snuck secretly onto&lt;br /&gt;your computer, or worse. An up-to-date browser helps guard against security threats like phishing and malware.&lt;br /&gt;Second, the web evolves quickly. Many of the latest features on today’s websites and web applications&lt;br /&gt;won't work with old browsers. Only up-to-date browsers have the speed improvements that let you run web&lt;br /&gt;pages and applications quickly, along with support for modern web technologies such as HTML5, CSS3, and fast&lt;br /&gt;JavaScript.&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 20/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Third and last, old browsers slow down innovation on the web. If lots of Internet users cling to old&lt;br /&gt;browsers, web developers are forced to design websites that work with both old and new technologies. Facing&lt;br /&gt;limited time and resources, they end up developing for the lowest common denominator — and not building the&lt;br /&gt;next generation of useful, groundbreaking web applications. (Imagine if today’s highway engineers were required&lt;br /&gt;to design high-speed freeways that would still be perfectly safe for a Model T.) That’s why outdated browsers&lt;br /&gt;are bad for users overall and bad for innovation on the web.&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 21/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Not that anyone blames you personally for staying loyal to your aging browser. In some cases, you may be&lt;br /&gt;unable to upgrade your browser. If you find that you’re blocked from upgrading your browser on your corporate&lt;br /&gt;computer, have a chat with your IT administrator. If you can’t upgrade an old version of Internet Explorer, the&lt;br /&gt;Google Chrome Frame plug-in can give you the benefits of some modern web app functionality by bringing in&lt;br /&gt;Google Chrome’s capabilities into Internet Explorer.&lt;br /&gt;Old, outdated browsers are bad for us as users, and they hold back innovation all over the web. So take a&lt;br /&gt;moment to make sure that you’ve upgraded to the latest version of your favorite modern browser.&lt;br /&gt;Editor’s note: At the time of publication, the latest stable versions of the major modern browsers are&lt;br /&gt;Firefox 3.6, Safari 5, Google Chrome 7, Internet Explorer 8, and Opera 10.63. To check which browser&lt;br /&gt;you’re using, visit www.whatbrowser.org.&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 22/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;I&lt;br /&gt;PLUG-INS&lt;br /&gt;OR, PEPPERONI FOR YOUR CHEESE PIZZA&lt;br /&gt;n the early days of the World Wide Web, the first versions of HTML couldn’t deliver fancy content like&lt;br /&gt;videos. Text, images, and links were pretty much the limit.&lt;br /&gt;Plug-ins were invented to work around the limitations of early HTML and deliver more&lt;br /&gt;interactive content. A plug-in is an additional piece of software that specializes in processing particular types of&lt;br /&gt;content. For example, users may download and install a plug-in like Adobe Flash Player to view a web page&lt;br /&gt;which contains a video or an interactive game.&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 23/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;How much does a plug-in interface with a browser? Curiously, hardly at all. The plug-in model is a lot like&lt;br /&gt;picture-in-a-picture on TV: the browser defines a distinct space on the web page for the plug-in, then steps&lt;br /&gt;aside. The plug-in is free to operate inside that space, independent of the browser.&lt;br /&gt;This independence means that a particular plug-in can work across many different browsers. However, that&lt;br /&gt;ubiquity also makes plug-ins prime targets for browser security attacks. Your computer is even more vulnerable&lt;br /&gt;to security attacks if you’re running plug-ins that aren't up to date, because out-of-date plug-ins don’t contain the&lt;br /&gt;latest security fixes.&lt;br /&gt;The plug-in model we use today is largely the one inherited from the web’s early days. But the web&lt;br /&gt;community is now looking at new&lt;br /&gt;ways to modernize plug-ins — like clever ways to integrate plug-ins more seamlessly so that their content is&lt;br /&gt;searchable, linkable, and can interact with the rest of the web page. More importantly, some browser vendors&lt;br /&gt;and plug-in providers now collaborate to protect users from security risks. For example, the Google Chrome and&lt;br /&gt;Adobe Flash Player teams have worked together to integrate Flash Player into the browser. Chrome’s autoupdate&lt;br /&gt;mechanism helps ensure that the Flash Player plug-in is never out-of-date and always receives the latest&lt;br /&gt;security fixes and patches.&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 24/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;B&lt;br /&gt;BROWSER&lt;br /&gt;EXTENSIONS&lt;br /&gt;OR, SUPERPOWERS FOR YOUR&lt;br /&gt;BROWSER&lt;br /&gt;rowser extensions let you add new features to your browser — literally extending your browser.&lt;br /&gt;This means that you can customize your browser with the features that are most important to you. Think of&lt;br /&gt;extensions as ways of adding new superpowers to what the browser can already do.&lt;br /&gt;These superpowers can be mighty or modest, depending on your needs. For example, you might install a&lt;br /&gt;currency converter extension that shows up as a new&lt;br /&gt;button next to your browser’s address bar. Click the button and it converts all the prices on your current web&lt;br /&gt;page into any currency you specify. That’s helpful if you’re an avid backpacker who does most of your travel&lt;br /&gt;planning and booking online. Extensions like these let you apply the same kind of functionality to every web page&lt;br /&gt;you visit.&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 25/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Browser extensions can also act on their own, outside of web pages. An email notifier extension can live on&lt;br /&gt;your browser toolbar, quietly check for new messages in your email account and let you know when one arrives.&lt;br /&gt;In this case, the extension is always working in the background no matter what web page you’re looking at —&lt;br /&gt;and you don’t have to log in to your email in a separate window to see if you have new messages.&lt;br /&gt;When browser extensions were first introduced, developers often had to build them in unusual programming&lt;br /&gt;languages or in heavy-duty mainstream languages like C++. This took a lot of work, time and expertise. Adding&lt;br /&gt;more code to the browser also added to security concerns, as it gave attackers more chances to exploit the&lt;br /&gt;browser. Because the code was sometimes arcane, extensions were notorious for causing browser crashes, too.&lt;br /&gt;Today, most browsers let developers write extensions in the basic, friendly programming languages of the&lt;br /&gt;web: HTML, JavaScript and CSS. Those are the same languages used to build most modern web apps and web&lt;br /&gt;pages, so today’s extensions are much closer cousins to the web apps and pages they work with. They’re faster&lt;br /&gt;and easier to build, safer, and get better and better right along with the web standards they’re built upon.&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 26/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;To discover new extensions, check out your browser’s extensions gallery. You’ll see thousands of extensions&lt;br /&gt;that can help make browsing more efficient or just plain fun — from extensions that let you highlight and&lt;br /&gt;scribble notes on web pages while you’re doing research, to those that show nail-biting, play-by-play sports&lt;br /&gt;updates from your browser’s interface.&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 27/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;S&lt;br /&gt;SYNCHRONIZING THE BROWSER&lt;br /&gt;OR, WHY IT’S OK FOR A TRUCK TO CRUSH YOUR LAPTOP, PART II&lt;br /&gt;o you’re living in “the cloud”: congratulations! You use web apps for email, music, and almost everything.&lt;br /&gt;You save critical documents, photos, and files online where you can reach them from any Internet-connected&lt;br /&gt;computer, anywhere in the world.&lt;br /&gt;If an 18-wheel truck comes roaring down the road and crushes your laptop to bits, all is not lost. You just&lt;br /&gt;find another Internet-connected device and get back to working with all that vital information you so smartly&lt;br /&gt;saved online.&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 28/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;But wait: What about all the bookmarks, browser extensions, and browser preferences that you use daily?&lt;br /&gt;Did they get crunched into oblivion along with your laptop?&lt;br /&gt;The answer used to be “yes.” You’d have to forage for your favorite extensions all over again and gather&lt;br /&gt;all the websites you had painstakingly bookmarked. But no more! Many of today’s browsers, such as Firefox and&lt;br /&gt;Chrome, have begun building in a feature known as synchronization (“sync” for short). Sync lets you save your&lt;br /&gt;browser settings online, in the cloud, so they aren’t lost even if your computer melts down.&lt;br /&gt;Sync functionality also makes life simpler if you use multiple computers, say, a laptop at work and a family&lt;br /&gt;desktop at home. You don’t have to manually recreate bookmarks of your favorite websites or reconfigure the&lt;br /&gt;browser&lt;br /&gt;settings on every computer you own. Any changes you make to your sync-enabled browser on one computer will&lt;br /&gt;automatically appear in all other synced computers within seconds.&lt;br /&gt;In Chrome, for example, sync saves all bookmarks, extensions, preferences and themes to your Google&lt;br /&gt;Account. Use any other Internet-connected computer, and all you need to do is fire up Chrome and log in to&lt;br /&gt;your Google Account through the browser’s sync feature. Voila! All your favorite browser settings are ready to&lt;br /&gt;use on the new machine.&lt;br /&gt;Regardless of how many computers you need to juggle, as long as you have an Internet connection and a&lt;br /&gt;modern browser that’s synced to the cloud, you’re all set to go. Even if every one of them gets hit by the&lt;br /&gt;proverbial truck.&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 29/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;C&lt;br /&gt;BROWSER&lt;br /&gt;COOKIES&lt;br /&gt;OR, THANKS FOR THE MEMORIES&lt;br /&gt;ookie seems like an unlikely name for a piece of technology, but cookies play a key role in providing&lt;br /&gt;functionality that Internet users may want from websites: a memory of visits, in the past or in progress.&lt;br /&gt;A cookie is a small piece of text sent to your browser by a website you visit. It contains information about&lt;br /&gt;your visit that you may want the site to remember, like your preferred language and other settings. The browser&lt;br /&gt;stores this data and pulls it out the next time you visit the site to make the next trip easier and more&lt;br /&gt;personalized. If you visit&lt;br /&gt;a movie website and indicate that you’re most interested in comedies, for instance, the cookies sent by the&lt;br /&gt;website can remember this so you may see comedies displayed at the start of your next visit.&lt;br /&gt;Online shopping carts also use cookies. As you browse for DVDs on that movie shopping site, for instance,&lt;br /&gt;you may notice that you can add them to your shopping cart without&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 30/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;logging in. Your shopping cart doesn’t “forget” the DVDs, even as you hop around from page to page on the&lt;br /&gt;shopping site, because they’re preserved through browser cookies. Cookies can be used in online advertising as&lt;br /&gt;well, to remember your interests and show you related ads as you surf the web.&lt;br /&gt;Some people prefer not to allow cookies, which is why most modern browsers give you the ability to&lt;br /&gt;manage cookies to suit your tastes. You can set up rules to manage cookies on a site-by-site basis, giving you&lt;br /&gt;greater control over your privacy. What this means is that you can choose which sites you trust and allow&lt;br /&gt;cookies only for those sites, blocking cookies from everyone else. Since there are many types of cookies —&lt;br /&gt;including “session-only cookies” that last only for a particular browsing session, or permanent cookies that last for&lt;br /&gt;multiple sessions — modern browsers&lt;br /&gt;typically give you fine-tuned controls so that you can specify your preferences for different types of cookies,&lt;br /&gt;such as accepting permanent cookies as session-only.&lt;br /&gt;In the Google Chrome browser, you’ll notice a little something extra in the Options menus: a direct link to&lt;br /&gt;the Adobe Flash Player storage settings manager. This link makes it easy to control local data stored by Adobe&lt;br /&gt;Flash Player (otherwise commonly known as "Flash cookies"), which can contain information on Flash-based&lt;br /&gt;websites and applications that you visit. Just as you can manage your browser cookies, you should be able to&lt;br /&gt;easily control your Flash cookies settings as well.&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 31/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;S&lt;br /&gt;BROWSERS AND PRIVACY&lt;br /&gt;OR, GIVING YOU CHOICES TO PROTECT YOUR PRIVACY IN THE BROWSER&lt;br /&gt;ecurity and privacy are closely related, but not identical.&lt;br /&gt;Consider the security and privacy of your home: door locks and alarms help protect you from burglars,&lt;br /&gt;but curtains and blinds keep&lt;br /&gt;your home life private from passersby.&lt;br /&gt;In the same way, browser security helps protect you from malware, phishing, and other online attacks, while&lt;br /&gt;privacy features help keep your browsing private on your computer.&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 32/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Let’s look more closely at privacy. Here’s an analogy: Say you’re an avid runner who jogs a few miles&lt;br /&gt;every day. If you carry a GPS device to help you track your daily runs, you create a diary of running data on&lt;br /&gt;your device — a historical record of where you run, how far you run, your average speed, and the calories you&lt;br /&gt;burn.&lt;br /&gt;As you browse the web, you generate a similar diary of browser data that is stored locally on your&lt;br /&gt;computer: a history of the sites you visit, the cookies sent to your browser, and any files you download. If&lt;br /&gt;you’ve asked your browser to remember your passwords or form data, that’s stored on your computer too.&lt;br /&gt;Some of us may not realize that we can clear all this browser data from our computers at any time. It’s&lt;br /&gt;easy to do through a browser’s Options or Preferences menu. (The menu differs from browser to browser.) In&lt;br /&gt;fact, the latest versions of most modern browsers also offer a “private” or “incognito” mode. For example, in&lt;br /&gt;Chrome’s incognito mode, any web page that you view won’t appear in your browsing history. In addition, all&lt;br /&gt;new cookies are deleted after you close all the incognito windows that you’ve opened. This mode is especially&lt;br /&gt;handy if you share your computer with other people, or if you work on a public computer in your local library or&lt;br /&gt;cybercafe.&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 33/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;All these privacy features in the browser give you control over the browsing data locally on your computer&lt;br /&gt;or specific data that are sent by your browser to websites. Your browser’s privacy settings do not control other&lt;br /&gt;data that these websites may have about you, such as information you previously submitted on the website.&lt;br /&gt;There are ways to limit some of the information that websites receive when you visit them. Many browsers&lt;br /&gt;let you control your privacy preferences on a site-by-site basis and make your own choices about specific data&lt;br /&gt;such as cookies, JavaScript, and plugins. For instance, you can set up rules to allow cookies only for a specified&lt;br /&gt;list of sites that you trust, and instruct the browser to block cookies for all other sites.&lt;br /&gt;Example of privacy controls in the browser&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 34/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;There’s always a bit of tension between privacy and efficiency. Collecting real-world aggregate data and&lt;br /&gt;feedback from users can really help improve products and the user experience. The key is finding a good&lt;br /&gt;balance between the two while upholding strong privacy standards.&lt;br /&gt;Here’s an example from the real world: browser cookies. On one hand, with cookies, a website you&lt;br /&gt;frequently visit is able to remember contents of your shopping cart, keep you logged in, and deliver a more&lt;br /&gt;useful, personalized experience based on your previous visits. On the other hand, allowing browser cookies means&lt;br /&gt;that the website is collecting and remembering information about these previous visits. If you wish, you can&lt;br /&gt;choose to block cookies at any time. So the next time you’re curious about fine-tuning your browser privacy&lt;br /&gt;settings, check out the privacy settings in your browser’s Options or Preferences menu.&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 35/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;W&lt;br /&gt;MALWARE, PHISHING,&lt;br /&gt;AND SECURITY RISKS&lt;br /&gt;OR, IF IT QUACKS LIKE A DUCK BUT ISN’T A DUCK&lt;br /&gt;hen you use an ATM downtown, you probably glance over your shoulder to make sure nobody is lurking&lt;br /&gt;around to steal your PIN number (or your cash). In fact, you probably first check to make sure that&lt;br /&gt;you’re not using a fake ATM machine. When you browse the web and perform transactions online, two security&lt;br /&gt;risks to be aware of are malware and phishing. These attacks are perpetrated by individuals or organizations who&lt;br /&gt;hope to steal your personal information or hijack your computer.&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 36/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;What exactly are phishing and malware attacks?&lt;br /&gt;Phishing takes place when someone masquerades as someone else, often with a fake website, to trick you&lt;br /&gt;into sharing personal information. (It’s called “phishing” because the bad guys throw out electronic bait and wait&lt;br /&gt;for someone to bite.) In a typical phishing scam, the attacker sends an email that looks like it’s from a bank or&lt;br /&gt;familiar web service you use. The subject line might say, “Please update your information at your bank!” The&lt;br /&gt;email contains phishing links that look like they go to your bank’s website, but really take you to an impostor&lt;br /&gt;website. There you’re asked to log in, and inadvertently reveal your bank account number, credit card numbers,&lt;br /&gt;passwords, or other sensitive information to the bad guys.&lt;br /&gt;Malware, on the other hand, is malicious software installed on your machine, usually without your knowledge.&lt;br /&gt;You may be asked to download an anti-virus software that is actually a virus itself. Or you may visit a page&lt;br /&gt;that installs software on your computer without even asking. The software is really designed to steal credit card&lt;br /&gt;numbers or passwords from your computer, or in some cases, harm your computer. Once the malware is on&lt;br /&gt;your computer, it’s not only difficult to remove, but it’s also free to access all the data and files it finds, send&lt;br /&gt;that information elsewhere, and generally wreak havoc on your computer.&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 37/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;An up-to-date, modern web browser is the first line of defense against phishing and malware attacks. Most&lt;br /&gt;modern browsers, for instance, can help analyze web pages to look for signs of lurking malware, and alert you&lt;br /&gt;when they find it.&lt;br /&gt;At the same time, an attacker may not always use sophisticated technical wizardry to hijack your computer,&lt;br /&gt;but could instead find clever ways to trick you into making a bad decision. In the next few chapters, we’ll look&lt;br /&gt;at how you can make wiser decisions to protect yourself when you’re online -- and how browsers and other&lt;br /&gt;web technologies can help.&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 38/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;A&lt;br /&gt;HOW MODERN BROWSERS HELP&lt;br /&gt;PROTECT YOU FROM MALWARE AND&lt;br /&gt;PHISHING&lt;br /&gt;OR, BEWARE THE NE’ER-DO-WELLS!&lt;br /&gt;n up-to-date browser guards you from phishing and malware attacks when you’re browsing the web. It&lt;br /&gt;does so by limiting three types of security risk when you’re online:&lt;br /&gt;Risk 1: How often you come into contact with an&lt;br /&gt;attacker&lt;br /&gt;You can be exposed to attackers through a malicious fake website, or even through a familiar website that has&lt;br /&gt;been hacked. Most modern browsers pre-check each web page you visit and alert you if one is suspected of&lt;br /&gt;being malicious. This lets you make an informed judgment about whether you really want to visit that page.&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 39/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;For example, Google Chrome uses Safe Browsing technology, which is also used in several other modern&lt;br /&gt;browsers. As you browse the web, each page is checked quickly against a list of suspected phishing and&lt;br /&gt;malware websites. This list is stored and maintained locally on your computer to help protect your browsing&lt;br /&gt;privacy. If a match against the local list is found, the browser then sends a request to Google for more&lt;br /&gt;information. (This request is completely obscured and the browser does not send it in plain text.) If Google&lt;br /&gt;verifies the match, Chrome shows a red warning page to alert you that the page you're trying to visit may be&lt;br /&gt;dangerous.&lt;br /&gt;Risk 2: How vulnerable your browser is if it’s attacked&lt;br /&gt;Old browsers that haven’t been upgraded are likely to have security vulnerabilities that attackers can exploit. All&lt;br /&gt;outdated software,&lt;br /&gt;irrespective of whether it’s your operating system, browser, or plug-ins, has the same problem. That’s why it’s&lt;br /&gt;important to use the very latest version of your browser and promptly install security patches on your operating&lt;br /&gt;system and all plug-ins, so that they’re always up-to-date with the latest security fixes.&lt;br /&gt;Some browsers check for updates automatically and install updates when initiated by the user. Chrome and&lt;br /&gt;some other browsers go one step further: they’re built with auto-update. The browser runs an update check&lt;br /&gt;periodically, and automatically updates to the latest version without disrupting your browsing flow. Furthermore,&lt;br /&gt;Chrome has integrated Adobe Flash Player and a PDF viewer into the browser, so that both these popular plugins&lt;br /&gt;are also auto-updated.&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 40/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Risk 3: How much damage is done if an attacker finds vulnerabilities in your browser&lt;br /&gt;Some modern browsers like Chrome and Internet Explorer are built with an added layer of protection known as&lt;br /&gt;a “sandbox.” Just as a real-life sandbox has walls to keep sand from spilling out, a browser sandbox builds a&lt;br /&gt;contained environment to keep malware and other security threats from infecting your computer. If you open a&lt;br /&gt;malicious web page, the browser’s sandbox prevents that malicious code from leaving the browser and installing&lt;br /&gt;itself to your hard drive. The malicious code therefore cannot read, alter, or further damage the data on your&lt;br /&gt;computer.&lt;br /&gt;In summary, a modern browser can protect you against online security threats by first, checking websites&lt;br /&gt;you’re about to visit for suspected malware and phishing; second, providing update notifications or auto-updating&lt;br /&gt;when a newer, more secure version of the browser is available, and third, using the browser sandbox to curb&lt;br /&gt;malicious code from causing further damage to your computer.&lt;br /&gt;In the next few chapters, we’ll take a look at how a basic understanding of web addresses can help you&lt;br /&gt;make informed decisions about the websites you visit.&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 41/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;A&lt;br /&gt;USING WEB ADDRESSES TO STAY&lt;br /&gt;SAFE&lt;br /&gt;OR, “MY NAME IS URL”&lt;br /&gt;Uniform Resource Locator — better known as a URL — may sound like a complicated thing. But fret&lt;br /&gt;not: it’s simply the web address you type into your browser to get to a particular web page or web&lt;br /&gt;application.&lt;br /&gt;When you enter a URL, the website is fetched from its hosting server somewhere in the world, transported&lt;br /&gt;over miles of cables to your local Internet connection, and finally displayed by the browser on your computer.&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 42/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Here are a few examples of a URL:&lt;br /&gt;...to get to the news website for the British Broadcasting Corporation (“.co.uk” indicates registration in the United&lt;br /&gt;Kingdom)&lt;br /&gt;...to get to the search engine Google&lt;br /&gt;...to get to the website for Museo Nacional Del Prado, the Madrid-based art museum. (“.es” indicates registration&lt;br /&gt;in Spain)&lt;br /&gt;...to get to the online banking website for Bank of America (“https://” indicates an encrypted connection)&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 43/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;It’s easy to take URLs for granted, since we type them into our browsers every day. But understanding the&lt;br /&gt;parts of a URL can help guard against phishing scams or security attacks.&lt;br /&gt;Let’s look at what’s in a URL in this example:&lt;br /&gt;The first part of a URL is called the scheme. In the example above, HTTP is the scheme and shorthand&lt;br /&gt;for HyperText Transfer Protocol.&lt;br /&gt;Next, “www.google.com” is the name of the host where the website resides. When any person or company&lt;br /&gt;creates a new web site, they register this hostname for themselves. Only they may use it. This is important, as&lt;br /&gt;we’ll see in a moment.&lt;br /&gt;A URL may have an additional path after the hostname, which sends you to a specific page on that host&lt;br /&gt;— like jumping right to a chapter or page in a book. Back to our example, the path tells the host server that&lt;br /&gt;you want to see the maps web application at www.google.com. (In other words, Google Maps.) Sometimes that&lt;br /&gt;path is moved to the front of the hostname as a subdomain, such as “maps.google.com”, or “news.google.com”&lt;br /&gt;for Google News.&lt;br /&gt;http://www.google.com/maps&lt;br /&gt;scheme hostname path&lt;br /&gt;top level domain&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 44/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Now let’s talk safety. One way to check if you’re surfing right into a phishing scam or an impostor website&lt;br /&gt;is by looking carefully at the URL in your browser’s address bar. Pay particular attention to the hostname —&lt;br /&gt;remember, only the legitimate owner of that hostname can use it.&lt;br /&gt;For example, if you click on a link and expect to be directed to the Bank of America website:&lt;br /&gt;LEGITIMATE:&lt;br /&gt;www.bankofamerica.com is a legitimate URL, since the hostname is correct.&lt;br /&gt;www.bankofamerica.com/smallbusiness is also a legitimate URL since the hostname is correct. The path of the&lt;br /&gt;URL points to a sub-page on small business.&lt;br /&gt;SUSPICIOUS:&lt;br /&gt;bankofamerica.xyz.com is not Bank of America’s website. Instead, “bankofamerica” is a subdomain of the&lt;br /&gt;website xyz.com.&lt;br /&gt;www.xyz.com/bankofamerica is still not Bank of America's website. Instead, “bankofamerica” is a path within&lt;br /&gt;www.xyz.com.&lt;br /&gt;If you’re using a banking website or conducting an online transaction with sensitive information such as your&lt;br /&gt;password or account number, check the address bar first! Make sure that the scheme is “https://” and there’s a&lt;br /&gt;padlock icon in your browser’s address bar. “https://” indicates that the data is being transported between the&lt;br /&gt;server and browser using a secure connection.&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 45/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Through a secure connection, the full URL for Bank of America’s website should look like this:&lt;br /&gt;https://www.bankofamerica.com. A secure connection ensures that no one else is eavesdropping or interfering&lt;br /&gt;with the sensitive information that you’re sending. So “https://” is a good sign. But remember, it’s still important&lt;br /&gt;to make sure that you’re actually talking to a legitimate website by checking the hostname of a URL. (It would&lt;br /&gt;defeat the purpose to have a secure connection to a bogus website!)&lt;br /&gt;In the next chapter, we’ll look at how a typed URL into the browser’s address bar takes you to the right&lt;br /&gt;web page.&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 46/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;D&lt;br /&gt;IP ADDRESSES AND DNS&lt;br /&gt;OR, THE PHANTOM PHONE BOOTH&lt;br /&gt;o you wonder how your browser finds the right web page when you type a URL into its address bar?&lt;br /&gt;Every URL (say, “www.google.com”) has its own numbered Internet Protocol or IP address.&lt;br /&gt;An IP address looks something like this:&lt;br /&gt;74.125.19.147&lt;br /&gt;An IP address is a series of numbers that tells us where a particular device is on the Internet network, be&lt;br /&gt;it the google.com server or&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 47/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;your computer. It’s a bit like mom’s phone number: just as the phone number tells an operator which house to&lt;br /&gt;route a call to so it reaches your mom, an IP address tells your computer which other device on the Internet to&lt;br /&gt;communicate with — to send data to and get data from.&lt;br /&gt;Your browser doesn’t automatically know every IP address for the 35 billion (or more) devices on the&lt;br /&gt;planet that are connected on the Internet. It has to look each one up, using something called the Domain Name&lt;br /&gt;System. The DNS is essentially the “phone book” of the Web: while a phone book translates a name like “Acme&lt;br /&gt;Pizza” into the right phone number to call, the DNS translates a URL or web address (like “www.google.com”)&lt;br /&gt;into the right IP address to contact (like “74.125.19.147”) in order to get the information that you want (in this&lt;br /&gt;case, the Google homepage).&lt;br /&gt;So when you type in “google.com” into your web browser, the browser looks up google.com’s IP address&lt;br /&gt;through a DNS and contacts it, waits for a response to confirm the connection, and then sends your request for&lt;br /&gt;google.com’s web page to that IP address. Google’s server at that IP address will then send back the requested&lt;br /&gt;web page to your computer’s IP address for your browser to display.&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 48/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;In many ways, fetching and loading a web page in the browser is not unlike making a phone call. When&lt;br /&gt;you make a phone call, you’d probably look up the number, dial, wait for someone to pick up, say “hello,” and&lt;br /&gt;wait for a response before you start the conversation. Sometimes you have to redial if there are problems&lt;br /&gt;connecting. On the web, a similar process happens in a split-second; all you see is that you’ve typed&lt;br /&gt;“www.google.com” into the browser and the Google home page appears.&lt;br /&gt;In the next chapter, we’ll look at how we can verify the identity of a website that we fetch and load in the&lt;br /&gt;browser through the extended validation certificate.&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 49/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;I&lt;br /&gt;VALIDATING&lt;br /&gt;IDENTITIES&lt;br /&gt;ONLINE&lt;br /&gt;OR, “DR. LIVINGSTONE, I&lt;br /&gt;PRESUME?”&lt;br /&gt;n the physical world, you can see the people you share information with. You talk to them face-to-face, or&lt;br /&gt;meet them in a trusted place like a bank branch. That’s how you make your first judgments about giving&lt;br /&gt;them your trust.&lt;br /&gt;But online, it can be hard to tell who’s behind any website. The visual cues we normally rely on can be&lt;br /&gt;faked. For example, a phony webpage could copy the logo, icon, and&lt;br /&gt;design of your own bank’s website — almost as if they had set up a fake storefront on your block.&lt;br /&gt;Fortunately, there are tools to help you determine if a website is genuine or not. Some websites have an&lt;br /&gt;extended validation certificate that allows you to determine the&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 50/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;name of the organization that runs the web site. The extended validation certificate gives you the information you&lt;br /&gt;need to help ensure that you’re not entrusting your information to a fake website.&lt;br /&gt;Here’s an example of extended validation in action in the browser. On a bank’s website that has been&lt;br /&gt;verified through extended validation, the bank’s name is displayed in a green box between the lock icon and the&lt;br /&gt;web address in the address bar:&lt;br /&gt;Example of the extended validation indicator in Chrome&lt;br /&gt;On most browsers, the extended validation indicator can be found by looking for the name of the&lt;br /&gt;organization in the green section of the browser’s address bar. You can also click on the indicator to see the&lt;br /&gt;website’s security information and inspect its digital certificate.&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 51/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;To receive extended validation certification, a website owner has to pass a series of checks confirming their&lt;br /&gt;legal identity and authority. In the previous example, extended validation on bankofamerica.com verifies that yes,&lt;br /&gt;the website is from the actual Bank of America. You can think of this certification as something that ties the&lt;br /&gt;domain name of the web address back to some real-world identity.&lt;br /&gt;It’d be wise to share sensitive information with a website only if you trust the organization responsible for&lt;br /&gt;the site. So the next time you’re about to perform a sensitive transaction, take a moment to keep a look out for&lt;br /&gt;the website’s security information. You’ll be glad you did.&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 52/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;T&lt;br /&gt;EVOLVING TO A FASTER WEB&lt;br /&gt;OR, SPEEDING UP IMAGES, VIDEO, AND JAVASCRIPT ON THE WEB&lt;br /&gt;he web today is an amazing visual and interactive stew, teeming with images, photos, videos, and whizzy&lt;br /&gt;web apps. Some of the web’s most vivid experiences come from images and videos, from shared photo&lt;br /&gt;albums&lt;br /&gt;of family vacations to online video coverage from journalists in war zones.&lt;br /&gt;It’s a far cry from the simple text and links that started it all. And it means that every time&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 53/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;your browser loads a web page, much more data and complex code needs to be processed.&lt;br /&gt;How much more, and how much more complex? A few astounding statistics:&lt;br /&gt;Images and photos now make up about 65% of the information on a typical web page, in terms of bytes per&lt;br /&gt;page.&lt;br /&gt;35 hours of video are uploaded to YouTube every minute of the day. (That’s like Hollywood releasing 130,000&lt;br /&gt;new full-length movies every week, though with less popcorn.)&lt;br /&gt;JavaScript programs have grown from a few lines to several hundred kilobytes of source code that must be&lt;br /&gt;processed each time a web page or application loads.&lt;br /&gt;So won’t all these gushing floods of data slow down page loads on the browser? Will the Internet clog up&lt;br /&gt;and turn to molasses soon?&lt;br /&gt;Probably not. Images and photos became commonplace on the web when computer scientists found ways to&lt;br /&gt;compress them into smaller files that could be sent and downloaded more easily. GIF and JPEG were the most&lt;br /&gt;popular of those early file-compression systems. Meanwhile, plug-ins were invented to work around the early&lt;br /&gt;limitations of HTML so that video could be embedded and played in web pages.&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 54/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Looking ahead, the &lt;video&gt; tag in HTML5 makes it easy for videos to be embedded and played in web&lt;br /&gt;pages. Google is also collaborating with the web community on WebM, an effort to build out a free, open-source&lt;br /&gt;video format that adapts to the computing power and bandwidth conditions on the web, so quality video can be&lt;br /&gt;delivered to a computer in a farm house in Nebraska or a smartphone in Nairobi.&lt;br /&gt;In the meantime, it’s true that web pages with lots of big photos or other images can still be very slow to&lt;br /&gt;load. That’s why a few engineers at Google have been experimenting with new ways to compress images even&lt;br /&gt;further while keeping the same image quality and resolution. The early results? Very promising. They’ve come up&lt;br /&gt;with a new image format called WebP that cuts down the average image file size by 39%.&lt;br /&gt;The engines that run JavaScript code in modern web browsers have also been redesigned to process code&lt;br /&gt;faster than ever before. These fast JavaScript engines, such as Google Chrome’s V8, are now a core part of&lt;br /&gt;any modern web browser. That means the next generation of fabulously useful JavaScript-based web applications&lt;br /&gt;won’t be hampered by the complexity of more JavaScript code.&lt;br /&gt;Another technique that modern browsers like Chrome use to fetch and load web pages much more quickly&lt;br /&gt;is called “DNS pre-resolution”. The process of translating a web address into an IP address through a DNS&lt;br /&gt;lookup, or vice versa, is often called “resolving.” With DNS pre-resolution, Chrome will simultaneously look up all&lt;br /&gt;the other links on the web page and pre-resolve those links into IP addresses in the background. So when&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 55/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;you do actually click on one of the links on the page, the browser is ready to take you to the new page&lt;br /&gt;instantly. Over time, Chrome also learns from past visits so that the next time you go to a web page that you’ve&lt;br /&gt;previously visited, Chrome knows to automatically pre-resolve all the relevant links and elements on the web&lt;br /&gt;page.&lt;br /&gt;Someday, browsers might be able to predict, before the page loads, not only which links to pre-resolve, but&lt;br /&gt;also which website elements (like images or videos) to pre-fetch ahead of time. That will make the web even&lt;br /&gt;quicker.&lt;br /&gt;Soon enough, we hope, loading new pages on the browser will be as fast as flipping the pages of a picture&lt;br /&gt;book.&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 56/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;T&lt;br /&gt;OPEN SOURCE AND BROWSERS&lt;br /&gt;OR, STANDING ON THE SHOULDERS OF GIANTS&lt;br /&gt;oday’s Internet stands on the shoulders of giants: the technologists, thinkers, developers, and organizations&lt;br /&gt;who continue to push the boundaries of innovation and share what they’ve learned.&lt;br /&gt;This spirit of sharing is at the very heart of&lt;br /&gt;open-source software. “Open source” means that the inner workings (or “source code”) of a software are made&lt;br /&gt;available to all, and the software is written in an open, collaborative way. Anyone can look into the source code,&lt;br /&gt;see how it works, tweak it or add to it, and reuse it&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 57/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;in other products or services.&lt;br /&gt;Open-source software plays a big role in many parts of the web, including today’s web browsers. The&lt;br /&gt;release of the open-source browser Mozilla Firefox paved the way for many exciting new browser innovations.&lt;br /&gt;Google Chrome was built with some components from Mozilla Firefox and with the open-source rendering engine&lt;br /&gt;WebKit, among others. In the same spirit, the code for Chrome was made open source so that the global web&lt;br /&gt;community could use Chrome’s innovations in their own products, or even improve on the original Chrome source&lt;br /&gt;code.&lt;br /&gt;Web developers and everyday users aren’t the only ones to benefit from the faster, simpler, and safer opensource&lt;br /&gt;browsers. Companies like Google also benefit from sharing their ideas openly. Better browsers&lt;br /&gt;mean a better web experience for everyone, and that makes happier users who browse the web even more.&lt;br /&gt;Better browsers also let companies create web apps with the latest cutting-edge features, and that makes users&lt;br /&gt;happy, too.&lt;br /&gt;Browsers aren’t the only part of the web that can take the open-source approach. Talk to any group of&lt;br /&gt;web developers and you’re likely to hear that they use an open-source Apache HTTP Server to host and serve&lt;br /&gt;their websites, or that they developed their code on computers powered by the Linux open-source operating&lt;br /&gt;system — just to name a few examples. The good work of the open source community continues to help make&lt;br /&gt;the web even better: a web that can be the broad shoulders for the next generation.&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 58/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;19 THINGS&lt;br /&gt;LATER...&lt;br /&gt;OR, A DAY IN THE CLOUDS&lt;br /&gt;...and here we are at Thing 20. Let's recap.&lt;br /&gt;Today’s web is a colorful, visual, practical, nutty, busy, friend-filled, fun and incredibly useful place. Many of&lt;br /&gt;us now live a life of cloud computing on the Internet: we read the news, watch movies, chat with friends, and&lt;br /&gt;do our daily tasks online with web-based applications right in the browser. Web apps let us do that from&lt;br /&gt;anywhere in the world, even if we left our laptops at home.&lt;br /&gt;It’s all possible thanks to the evolution of web standards like HTML, JavaScript, and CSS,&lt;br /&gt;as well as browser plug-ins. New capabilities in HTML5 are helping developers create the next generation of&lt;br /&gt;truly inventive web apps.&lt;br /&gt;What else is taking shape in the clouds?&lt;br /&gt;It takes a modern browser to make the most of&lt;br /&gt;the web’s modern features.&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 59/61&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Published by Google 2010&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Modern browsers also help protect against malware and phishing.&lt;br /&gt;Open-source sharing has given us better browsers and a faster, richer, more complex web. And open-source&lt;br /&gt;brainpower is making the future of the web even brighter.&lt;br /&gt;What’s in that bright future? 3D in the browser, faster speeds, and sync across all devices, among other fine&lt;br /&gt;things.&lt;br /&gt;Being an informed citizen of the web requires some self-education — for instance, learning to control your&lt;br /&gt;browser’s privacy settings for various types of content including cookies.&lt;br /&gt;You’re also safer on the web when you pay attention to visual cues in the browser, like checking the URLs&lt;br /&gt;you’re sent to, and looking for an “https://” secure connection or extended validation.&lt;br /&gt;The final takeaways?&lt;br /&gt;Use a modern browser, first and foremost. Or try a new one and see if it brings you happier browsing&lt;br /&gt;that’s better suited to your needs.&lt;br /&gt;The web will keep evolving — dramatically! Support cutting-edge web technologies like HTML5, CSS3&lt;br /&gt;and WebGL, because they’ll help the web community imagine and create a future of great, innovative web apps.&lt;br /&gt;Lastly, try new things. The web is a new and exciting place every day, so try tasks that you didn’t think&lt;br /&gt;could be done online -- such as researching your ancestry back ten generations, or viewing a real-time webcam&lt;br /&gt;image from a climbing basecamp in the Himalayas. You might be surprised by what you find!&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 60/61&lt;br /&gt;12/20/2010 20 Things I Learned About Browsers an…&lt;br /&gt;www.20thingsilearned.com/all/print 61/61&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7061784259311529797-1598461219489285527?l=endri-kusumah.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/1598461219489285527'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/1598461219489285527'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/2008/05/foreword-to-20-things.html' title='FOREWORD TO 20 THINGS'/><author><name>Dede</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05004917547092378390</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='29' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pCptHLaJmzQ/TWXAB7OeW0I/AAAAAAAAAIM/_UlpBl3jG30/s220/images%2B%25286%2529.jpg'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7061784259311529797.post-3592975931172211355</id><published>2008-05-06T03:51:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-02-23T03:56:56.816-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Entrepreneurs'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='work'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Think'/><title type='text'>IMAGINATION AND CREATIVITY</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; BACKGROUND: white; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"&gt;IMAGINATION AND CREATIVITY &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; BACKGROUND: white; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Anda pernah menonton film Spiderman?" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;You ever watch the movie Spiderman? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Tentunya sudah." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"&gt;Certainly, it is. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri', 'sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="BACKGROUND: white"&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Ada kisah menarik mengenai cerita Spiderman, terutama mengenai jaring atau serat putih yang keluar dari tangan Peter Parker." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;There are interesting stories about Spider-Man stories, especially about the net or white fibers coming out of the hands of Peter Parker. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="BACKGROUND: white"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Adalah seorang ilmuwan dari Eastman Kodak yaitu Harry Coover, disekitar perang dunia II." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;Is a scientist from Eastman Kodak that is Harry Coover, around World War II. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="BACKGROUND: white"&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Saat itu ia tidak berniat membuat lem, tapi berimajinasi ingin membuat sawang laba-laba sintetis." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;At that time he did not intend to make glue, but the imagination wants to make synthetic spider Sawang. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Sawang laba-laba itu, biarpun lentur, dikenal memiliki kekuatan baja." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;Sawang spider, though flexible, is known to have the strength of steel. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Jadi orang berusaha menirunya sampai sekarang." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;So people try to imitate it until now. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Nah, bukannya mendapatkan sarang laba-laba, cairan itu, methyl-2-cyanoacrylate, malah membuat semua benda yang tersentuh menempel." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;Now, instead of getting a spider's web, the liquid, methyl-2-cyanoacrylate, even making all the things that touched attached. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Maka, pada 1955, Kodak memasarkannya dengan merek Flash Glue." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;Then, in 1955, the Kodak brand to market with Flash Glue. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="BACKGROUND: white"&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Saat perang Vietnam, Eastman Kodak menggagas ide agar lem ini dapat dipakai untuk menutup luka." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;When the Vietnam war, Eastman Kodak initiated the idea for this glue can be used to close the wound. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Jadi tak perlu dibalut begitu rupa untuk menutup luka." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;So no need to be bandaged so as to close the wound. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Tim dokter pun menggunakan dan cukup berhasil." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;Team doctors also use and quite successful. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Kemudian dikembangkan varian baru, 2-octyl cyanoacrylate untuk kebutuhan medis yang lebih aman dengan merek Dermabond." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;Then developed a new variant, 2-octyl cyanoacrylate for medical needs with safer Dermabond brand. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="BACKGROUND: white"&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="(Koran Tempo, 24 Agustus 2006)." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;(Koran Tempo, 24 August 2006). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Untuk di Indonesia sendiri, lem super ini dikenal dengan merk Alteco buatan dari Singapura." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;For in Indonesia itself, the super glue is known by the brand Alteco made from Singapore. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="BACKGROUND: white"&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Seseorang bisa berinovasi dan menghasilkan suatu produk salah satunya karena melalui proses imajinasi." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;One can innovate and produce a product because one of them through the process of imagination. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Imajinasi melahirkan kreativitas, selain dari Harry Coover di atas, banyak contoh orang yang berhasil karena hasil dari imajinasinya." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;Imagination gave birth to creativity, apart from Harry Coover above, many examples of people who succeeded because of the results of his imagination. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Bayangkan jika Alexander Graham Bell tidak berimajinasi pada masa hidupnya maka bisa jadi kita belum mengenal yang namanya telepon, apalagi handphone atau email." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;Imagine if Alexander Graham Bell did not imagine at the time of his life then maybe we do not yet know whose name the phone, let alone mobile phone or email. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Bayangkan jika Thomas Alfa Edison pada masa hidupnya tidak menggunakan imajinasinya bisa jadi sampai saat ini kita belum bisa menikmati terangnya lampu." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;Imagine if Thomas Edison in his lifetime could not use his imagination so far we have not been able to enjoy the bright lights. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="BACKGROUND: white"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Agar imajinasi dapat melahirkan suatu inovasi maka diperlukan suatu tindakan untuk mewujudkannya." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;For the imagination to bear an innovation we need an action to make it happen. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Jika imajinasi tidak diiringi dengan tindakan sama saja dengan sebuah lamunan belaka." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;If imagination is not accompanied by action is tantamount to a mere daydream. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Kelemahan kita sebagai seorang karyawan adalah masih rendahnya daya imajinasi, ini semua tidak sepenuhnya kesalahan dari individu itu sendiri, namun sistem yang berjalan yang kadang membuat seseorang menjadi tumpul daya imajinasinya." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;Our weakness as an employee is still low power of imagination, this all is not entirely the fault of the individual itself, but the current system that sometimes makes one a dull imagination. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Contohnya seorang administratur yang sudah terkotak dengan pekerjaan yang ada dan dateline yang sudah menunggu sehingga harus dipenuhi, membuat ia bekerja pada target yang sudah ditentukan, karena jika tidak sesuai target akan mendapatkan sanksi atau teguran dari atasannya." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;For example an administrator who is compartmentalized with existing work and the dateline which is waiting to be fulfilled, to make it work on targets that have been determined, because if it does not fit the target will get a penalty or a reprimand from his superiors. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Pada training pramuniaga toko Indomaret yang baru saja berlalu dengan tajuk produktivitas, saya sempat mengajak rekan-rekan pramuniaga untuk berinovasi untuk sesuatu hal yang dapat meningkatkan produktivitas bagi diri pramuniaga dan juga produktivitas bagi tokonya." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;In training Indomaret store clerk who had just passed with the headline productivity, I had invited his fellow clerk to innovate for something that can improve productivity for themselves and also productivity salesman for his shop. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Saya mengilustrasikan dengan produk telur ayam negri yang dijual di toko-toko Indomaret yang masa expirednya selama 2 minggu." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;I illustrate with country chicken egg products sold in stores expirednya Indomaret that period for 2 weeks. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="BACKGROUND: white"&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Jika ditoko terdapat telur yang sudah lebih dari satu minggu namun belum dua minggu apa yang harus dilakukan oleh seorang pramuniaga agar telurnya cepat terjual dan tidak busuk." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;If there are eggs that have been in stores for more than one week but not two weeks what should be done by a clerk for the eggs quickly sold out and no foul. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Sebagian pramuniaga berkata “Diskon aja pak 50%”, yang artinya margin toko akan turun dan selebihnya hanya diam saja karena tidak tahu apa yang harus dilakukan." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;Some salesman said "50% Discount aja pak", which means margins will come down and store the rest just stay quiet because they do not know what to do. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Lalu saya lanjutkan,”Kenapa tidak pernah berpikir untuk dibuat telur rebus, atau telur mata sapi/telur dadar kemudian diwrapping dijual dengan harga yang sama, dengan demikian kerugian kita akan semakin kecil”." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;Then I continued, "Why do not you ever think to make boiled eggs, or egg / omelette then diwrapping sold for the same price, so our loss will be smaller." &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Mereka berujar,”Bapak berpikirnya yang aneh-aneh saja, yang biasa-biasa aja deh, pak.”" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;They said, "Father of thinking that just weird, ordinary aja deh, sir." &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="BACKGROUND: white"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="BACKGROUND: #ebeff9"&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Permasalahan kita sebagai seorang karyawan karena kita tidak pernah berimajinasi yang aneh-aneh, seperti pramuniaga toko yang selalu menjalankan SOP yang sudah ada di toko, seorang officer yang selalu mengerjakan administrasi yang setiap hari seakan tida hentinya, padahal orang-orang yang sukses selalu berimajinasi melebihi" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;The problem we are as an employee because we never imagining the weird, such as a store clerk who always run the SOP that are already in the store, an officer who is always working on the administration of every day as if tida forever, whereas people who are successful are always imagining exceed &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="garis-garis mimpi orang lain sehingga bisa menghasilkan suatu hasil yang luar biasa." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;lines so that the dreams of others can produce an extraordinary result. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Sebagai atasan, jarang sekali kita mendorong bawahan kita untuk berimajinasi yang agak 'gila', biasanya kita mengajak bawahan kita untuk berpikir yang tidak pernah keluar dari masalah pekerjaan keseharian." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;As a boss, rarely do we encourage our subordinates to use their imagination a bit 'crazy', we usually ask our subordinates to think that never get out of trouble everyday job. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Padahal ide-ide gila kadang kala menghasilkan inovasi-inovasi baru yang sangat dibutuhkan juga dalam penyelesaian masalah-masalah pekerjaan yang mungkin bisa diselesaikan lebih baik dibanding cara-cara konvensional dengan demikian produktivitas akan meningkat." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;And crazy ideas sometimes generate new innovations which are needed also in solving the problems of work that might be solved better than conventional methods thus productivity will increase. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Jangan pernah takut untuk berimajinasi, karena dengan demikian kita menjadi orang yang kreatif penuh dengan inovasi-inovasi baru." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;Never be afraid to use their imagination, because then we become full of creative people with new innovations. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="'Jangan" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;Do not ever hung up on routines because "the main killer of creativity is routine." &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Dari imajinasi melahirkan inovasi dan kreatifitas yang berujung peningkatan produktivitas." onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;Of imagination gave birth to innovation and creativity that led to increased productivity. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Selamat berkreasi dan semoga sukses!!" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;Good creative and good luck! &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="BACKGROUND: white"&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="________________________________________" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;________________________________________ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="BACKGROUND: white"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" title="Kreasi adaptif ALB dari berbagai sumber" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"&gt;ALB adaptive creation of a variety of sources &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br style="mso-special-character: line-break"&gt;&lt;br style="mso-special-character: line-break"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7061784259311529797-3592975931172211355?l=endri-kusumah.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/3592975931172211355'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/3592975931172211355'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/2008/05/imagination-and-creativity.html' title='IMAGINATION AND CREATIVITY'/><author><name>Dede</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05004917547092378390</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='29' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pCptHLaJmzQ/TWXAB7OeW0I/AAAAAAAAAIM/_UlpBl3jG30/s220/images%2B%25286%2529.jpg'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7061784259311529797.post-6669294432179387521</id><published>2008-04-04T03:46:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2011-02-23T03:51:16.410-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Entrepreneurs'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='work'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Category Management'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Think'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='colledge'/><title type='text'>So the Business World Change Agents...</title><content type='html'>&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic"&gt;Dunia Usaha Jadi Agen Perubahan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt;&lt;?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt;Oleh Sri Hartati Samhadi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"&gt;&lt;?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /&gt;&lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt;Ada&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:City&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt; satu penyakit yang sudah lama dikeluhkan menjangkiti kalangan dunia usaha kita. Mental jago kandang dan merasa kalah sebelum berperang. Mental seperti itu yang membuat kinerja ekspor &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Indonesia&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; masih sulit mengejar ketertinggalan dari negara-negara lain.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt;Seorang pejabat di Badan Pengembangan Ekspor Nasional (BPEN) menuturkan betapa sulitnya mengajak para pengusaha &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Indonesia&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; untuk ikut pameran di &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;China&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;. Padahal, semua biaya gratis dan si pengusaha hanya diminta menanggung biaya tiketnya sendiri.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt;Rupanya, para pengusaha ini takut dan sudah merasa kalah sebelum berperang karena telanjur memercayai mitos bahwa &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;China&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; unggul dalam segalanya. Mereka selama ini melihat &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;China&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; berhasil menerobos pasar-pasar tersulit dunia dan membanjiri pasar-pasar tersebut dengan berbagai produk pada harga dan kualitas yang sangat bersaing.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt;Di pasar dalam negeri sendiri saja, produk-produk &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Indonesia&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; ini sudah babak belur dalam persaingan dengan produk-produk &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;China&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;, baik yang masuk secara resmi ataupun selundupan. Jadi, bagaimana mereka bisa bersaing di pasar regional atau global yang lebih terbuka? Apalagi bersaing di pasar &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;China&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt;Bagaimana pula tidak grogi berhadapan dengan China, jika di produk-produk yang jelas-jelas Indonesia punya keunggulan komparatif, kita juga dilibas oleh China, termasuk di kandang kita sendiri? Sebut contoh, produk mebel, termasuk rotan. Ironisnya, industri milik &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;China&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; itu ditopang dengan bahan &lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;baku&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:City&gt; impor atau selundupan dari &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Indonesia&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt;Mental ciut itu membuat para pengusaha &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Indonesia&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; sampai terkaget-kaget sendiri ketika dalam pameran tersebut mereka mendapatkan order dan barang mereka ternyata laku atau diminati. Tidak sedikit pasar kita di luar negeri selama ini tercipta karena ”kecelakaan” seperti ini atau karena buyers asing yang lebih agresif berburu ke sini, dan bukan karena kegigihan pengusaha kita berburu pasar di arena global.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt;Namun, tidak berarti tidak ada pemain tangguh kita di tingkat global. Banyak perusahaan &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Indonesia&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; dengan industri skala kecil yang sifatnya rumahan, seperti kerajinan tangan, sudah berhasil menerobos berbagai pasar dunia yang selama ini tidak terbayangkan, seperti Jepang, Eropa, Amerika, dan Timur Tengah. Yang patut diacungi jempol, pengusaha-pengusaha seperti ini biasanya tak pernah gembar-gembor dan tidak pula mengemis berbagai macam fasilitas dari pemerintah untuk bisa menembus pasar yang menggiurkan di luar negeri.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt;Tidak sedikit yang sukses menerobos pasar-pasar yang selama ini dikuasai oleh produk-produk &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;China&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;. Bahkan, mereka berhasil menerobos pasar negeri Tirai Bambu itu. Salah satu contohnya, yang dilakukan oleh seorang penemu sejenis teh untuk obat diabetes dari &lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Medan&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:City&gt;. Dia sukses dan laris manis menjual obat di negeri sinshe itu.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt;Kita perlu lebih banyak pendobrak mental-mental penakut seperti ini. Di negara-negara tetangga kita mental seperti ini sudah lama terkikis sehingga mereka lebih mampu unjuk gigi di pasar global. &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;Contohnya&lt;/st1:City&gt;, &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Thailand&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt; yang sukses masuk ke &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;China&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; hanya dengan durian. Setiap bulan, dari satu komoditas ini saja, devisa yang diraup tak kurang dari 5 juta dollar AS. Padahal, kalau dipikir-pikir, durian kita tidak kalah enak dan manis dibandingkan dengan durian montong &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Thailand&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; yang terkenal itu.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt;Karena tak mampu membaca kebutuhan pasar, tak memiliki kepercayaan diri dan rendahnya kesadaran akan pentingnya mengembangkan potensi dan brand image sendiri, banyak produk yang berakar di sini akhirnya justru dipatenkan oleh negara lain. Contohnya batik oleh Malaysia, tempe oleh Jepang, dan jamu oleh China.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt;Macan kertas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt;Menurut seorang panelis, kita selama ini selalu bersembunyi di balik dalih cost atau ekonomi biaya tinggi, atas ketidakmampuan kita bersaing di pasar luar negeri. Padahal, keunggulan bersaing di pasar tidak selamanya hanya ditentukan oleh daya saing dalam menekan biaya.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt;Banyak negara atau perusahaan besar dunia yang mampu menguasai pasar karena citra kuat produk yang dibangunnya, kendati dari sisi biaya produksi ia sangat tak kompetitif. Contohnya, Swiss dengan produk sepatunya. Kita tidak mungkin terus berkutat membangun citra kita dan produk-produk kita sebagai basis produksi murah atau produk- produk murah berkualitas rendah, sementara di sekitar kita bermunculan pesaing-pesaing baru yang mampu menawarkan keunggulan serupa dan bahkan lebih kompetitif.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt;Dunia usaha, dengan besarnya skala aset yang dikuasai dan banyaknya tenaga kerja yang diserap, serta luasnya pengaruh dan jangkauan sepak terjang operasionalnya, memiliki peran besar untuk bisa membuat perubahan dalam kultur budaya suatu negara, dalam hal ini kultur budaya unggul. Di banyak negara, kultur bisnis ikut membentuk budaya masyarakatnya dan juga sistem secara keseluruhan menjadi lebih kompetitif, tahan banting dan mampu mengantisipasi setiap perubahan yang terjadi.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt;Di Indonesia pertumbuhan pesat dunia usaha yang terjadi sejak Pakto (Paket Oktober) 1988, membuat swasta tumbuh menjadi lokomotif perekonomian dan melahirkan pemain-pemain besar, yang beberapa di antaranya kemudian tumbuh menggurita dengan dukungan perlakuan istimewa dari rezim berkuasa. Ironisnya, mereka pula yang menyeret perekonomian ke dalam jurang keterpurukan pada krisis finansial tahun 1998 karena fondasi bisnis yang mereka bangun selama ini tak lebih hanya gelembung-gelembung sabun.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt;Krisis Asia dan globalisasi, menurut analis seperti Paul Temporal dan Harry Alder (Corporate Charisma: Key to Business Competitiveness in The New Asia) telah membuka mata dunia mengenai betapa banyak perusahaan besar di Asia (termasuk Indonesia) yang dianggap sukses selama ini, ternyata tak lebih hanya macan-macan kertas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt;Mereka bisa sukses karena modal kedekatan dengan penguasa dan kemudahan mendapatkan pendanaan investasi dari lembaga-lembaga keuangan Barat yang saat itu tak memiliki pilihan lain tempat investasi dan terbujuk oleh optimisme palsu bahwa Asia dengan jumlah penduduk kelas menengah yang terus bertambah adalah jaminan sukses bagi siapa pun yang investasi di sana.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt;Dengan runtuhnya ekonomi dan rezim pemerintahan berkuasa, lenyap pula privilege dan proteksi yang mereka nikmati selama ini. Satu per satu macan-macan kertas ini bertumbangan, dengan meninggalkan beban finansial dan moral menggunung pada negara.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt;Beberapa perusahaan beruntung karena pemerintah terpaksa harus menyelamatkan mereka, karena mereka too big to fail. Namun, beberapa lainnya bisa bertahan atau semakin kuat karena memang mereka berhasil menyiasati kondisi sulit itu menjadi sebuah peluang, antara lain melalui penajaman maupun penciptaan daya saing kompetitif yang baru.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt;Contohnya, yang dilakukan oleh produsen makanan Garudafood, dengan mengembangkan berbagai varietas produk makanan dari kacang untuk melayani segmen pasar yang berbeda-beda. Di sini terjadi proses pembentukan nilai (value creation) yang membuat perusahaan bisa bersaing dan memperluas pasar.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt;Contoh lain, apa yang dilakukan oleh produsen Pacekap, produk herbal yang dikembangkan dari pace, bahan yang selama ini nyaris tak pernah dilirik, tetapi kini mendadak populer dan bahkan sudah mulai merambah banyak pasar ekspor dunia. Masih banyak contoh lain perusahaan yang tumbuh atau semakin besar justru setelah krisis.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt;Budaya perusahaan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt;Bagaimana dunia usaha sebagai ”binatang ekonomi” yang berorientasi profit dan belum sepenuhnya mampu pulih dari dampak krisis itu bisa memikul tanggung jawab sebagai salah satu agen perubahan di tengah kebangkrutan dan keterpurukan moral, ekonomi dan berbagai aspek kehidupan bangsa kita?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt;Bagaimana budaya unggul dan individu-individu unggul bisa lahir dari lingkungan dunia usaha yang sarat konflik perburuhan, manakala aksi demo menuntut pesangon, kenaikan upah atau menentang pemutusan hubungan kerja marak di mana-mana?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt;Menurut seorang panelis pada diskusi ”Budaya Unggul” di Kompas pekan lalu, sulit mengharapkan sebuah perusahaan mampu mengemban fungsi sebagai agen perubahan atau pencetak pribadi-pribadi kompetitif jika di internal perusahaan itu sendiri bermasalah.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt;Stephen R Covey dalam 7 Habits of Highly Effective People menekankan, perubahan harus dimulai dari dalam, dalam hal ini internal perusahaan itu sendiri (from inside out). Dus, ini pekerjaan rumah ke dalam bagi dunia usaha itu sendiri.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt;Menurut seorang panelis, bukan hal mudah untuk membangun bisnis atau keunggulan bersaing di Indonesia. Dari sisi tenaga kerja, misalnya, pasokan tenaga kerja yang ada praktis tidak siap pakai.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt;Yang menjadi persoalan bukan sulitnya mencari orang berbakat atau pintar di antara 220 juta penduduk Indonesia, tetapi penyakit yang sudah telanjur membudaya berkaitan dengan sikap (attitude) masyarakat kita, terutama sikap tidak disiplin. Bedanya dengan negara lain, seperti Malaysia atau Singapura, di sana sikap tidak menjadi masalah.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt;Dari aspek budaya, persoalan di Indonesia bukan saja menyangkut masalah kedisiplinan ini saja, tetapi juga lemahnya rasa percaya diri (self-confidence) dan will power (semangat menggelora untuk meraih sukses). Untuk kedisiplinan, masalah utamanya terkait dengan pendidikan. Untuk aspek kepercayaan diri dan will power lebih menyangkut aspek spiritual. Namun, jika ditarik lagi ke belakang, biang keladinya juga sistem pendidikan di Indonesia yang tidak mampu mengasah aspek ini.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt;Dalam situasi seperti ini, menjadi pekerjaan rumah bagi dunia usaha untuk membangun budaya kompetitif. Untuk menciptakan budaya kompetitif, perusahaan harus menoleransi kesalahan yang dibuat oleh karyawan. Sebab, tanpa kesalahan, sulit terjadi penemuan-penemuan. Mistakes is the mother of invention, istilahnya. Jadi, perusahaan harus mampu menciptakan situasi kerja yang memungkinkan pekerja bisa bekerja sambil belajar.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt;Selain menoleransi kesalahan, perusahaan juga harus menjamin tingkat kehidupan yang baik bagi karyawan karena tanpa itu sulit bagi karyawan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi dan memberikan kontribusi terbaiknya.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt;Satu prinsip lainnya, adanya perbedaan dalam hal budaya dan sistem nilai di lingkungan perusahaan, mestinya tidak dianggap sebagai suatu dikotomi, tetapi suatu paradoks yang bisa direkonsiliasikan dan dikembangkan menjadi suatu kekuatan. Kalau tidak, seperti yang kita alami selama ini, kita tak akan pernah berhenti gontok-gontokan karena setiap kali isu dikotomi seperti pribumi dan nonpribumi danJawa-luar Jawa terus muncul dan membuat jarak dan ketegangan.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt;Model rekonsiliasi itu pula yang kini diterapkan oleh China, negeri yang diramalkan akan menjadi perekonomian terbesar di dunia, menyalip Amerika Serikat, Uni Eropa, dan Jepang, pada tahun 2050. Di negeri Tirai Bambu itu, dunia bisnis didukung habis-habisan oleh pemerintah dan bukannya dimusuhi seperti di sini, dengan catatan dunia bisnisnya juga harus benar.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt;Fungsi perusahaan sebagai pembentuk nilai (value creator) hanya bisa dicapai jika ada individu-individu yang unggul di perusahaan. Di sinilah pentingnya membangun budaya perusahaan (corporate culture) yang mampu mendorong lahirnya individu-individu kreatif. Ini bukan hal mudah.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt;Membangun sistem manajemen perusahaan bisa saja mencontek dari yang sudah ada, namun membangun budaya perusahaan membutuhkan waktu panjang, biaya tidak sedikit, dan perlu konsistensi karena sifatnya yang khas. Tanpa adanya budaya perusahaan ini, sulit bagi orang-orang kompetitif untuk berkembang dan sulit bagi perusahaan untuk bersaing. Kesadaran akan pentingnya budaya perusahaan ini yang belum dimiliki oleh kebanyakan perusahaan di Indonesia. Di sini akan terlihat pula bedanya antara pemilik pabrik dan industrialis.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt;Seorang industrialis akan memikirkan kelangsungan usahanya dalam jangka panjang dan tidak akan begitu saja menutup usahanya. Seorang industrialis, dalam situasi sedang baik, akan berinvestasi. Pada saat susah, investasi itu akan dicairkan untuk menolong perusahaan keluar dari kesulitan. Investasi ini termasuk untuk pendidikan dan kesejahteraan karyawannya.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt;”Pada saat kesulitan datang, karyawan yang sehat dan sejahtera lebih mudah diajak bicara sehingga akan lebih mudah pula diciptakan perubahan pada saat kesulitan datang,” ujar panelis tersebut. Dalam kondisi seperti ini, peran dunia usaha sebagai agen perubahan dimungkinkan karena di perusahaan digodok individu-individu unggul. Bukan hanya di lingkungan perusahaan, di luar perusahaan individu-individu unggul ini juga akan menularkan keunggulannya pada keluarganya atau lingkungan di mana dia berada.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt;Dari pengalaman selama ini, pengusaha-pengusaha yang berhasil biasanya karena menaruh perhatian sangat serius pada pengembangan sumber daya manusia (SDM)-nya.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"&gt;Sebaliknya, untuk pemilik pabrik, investasi pada SDM dan kesejahteraan karyawan bukan hal penting. Dalam situasi sulit, dia akan dengan mudah memberhentikan karyawan atau menutup usahanya. Pengusaha dan perusahaan seperti ini, sulit diharapkan bisa menjadi motor bagi perubahan menuju suatu budaya atau karakter dunia usaha dan masyarakat yang unggul dan mampu bersaing. (FOKUS Kompas, Sabtu 10 Desember 2005, halaman 38)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow', 'sans-serif'"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7061784259311529797-6669294432179387521?l=endri-kusumah.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/6669294432179387521'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/6669294432179387521'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/2008/04/so-business-world-change-agents.html' title='So the Business World Change Agents...'/><author><name>Dede</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05004917547092378390</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='29' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pCptHLaJmzQ/TWXAB7OeW0I/AAAAAAAAAIM/_UlpBl3jG30/s220/images%2B%25286%2529.jpg'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7061784259311529797.post-4288373787543773131</id><published>2008-03-25T01:01:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-10-15T05:40:02.229-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Think'/><title type='text'>Insight</title><content type='html'>Memangnya insight-nya apa ?&lt;br /&gt;Perasan insight-nya ngga begitu deh…&lt;br /&gt;Strategy ini dibuat based on consumer insight yang menyebutkan bahwa…’.&lt;br /&gt;Insight. Insight. Insight.&lt;br /&gt;Kata ini seolah menjadi mantra yang bakal meng-gol-kan sebuah strategi komunikasi maupun pemasaran, sehingga diharapkan komunikasi maupun kegiatan pemasaran bisa diterima konsumen dengan lebih mudah dan engaging.&lt;br /&gt;Berbicara soal insight, belum banyak yang menyadari bahwa internet sebagai sebuah medium juga memiliki consumer insight sendiri. Bagi yang biasa berbicara tentang grand strategy dan belum mengenal medium internet ini secara mendalam, biasanya cenderung menghindari membahas hal ini karena dianggap ‘membuat kotak tersendiri’, karena seharusnya sebuah komunikasi akarnya adalah human insight.&lt;br /&gt;Betul. Sangat betul.&lt;br /&gt;Sebelum berbicara tentang insight medium, kita harus berbicara hal yang paling mendasar yaitu human insight.&lt;br /&gt;Namun, ketika kita berbicara komunikasi online, kita juga harus mengingat bahwa bahwa komunitas online memiliki perilaku tersendiri yang dikenal dengan istilah Online User Behavior.&lt;br /&gt;Beberapa contoh online user behavior yang paling dasar adalah:&lt;br /&gt;- Konsumen ingin informasi penting terdisplay secara jelas, bukan disumputin di sebuah menu&lt;br /&gt;- Nama menu harus menggambarkan content, biar konsumen tidak mebuang waktu meng-klik info yang tidak dibutuhkan.&lt;br /&gt;- Konsumen benci iklan pop up.&lt;br /&gt;- Konsumen cenderung meninggalkan situs yang untuk membukanya perlu loading lama.&lt;br /&gt;- Konten yang basi pasti ngga akan dikunjungi&lt;br /&gt;- Audio yang hidup secara otomatis itu mengganggu.&lt;br /&gt;- Dlsb.&lt;br /&gt;Adanya web 2.0, membuat online user behavior semakin kompleks. Keberadaan forum, maling list dan blog yang menjunjung asas bebas merdeka berbicara, menuntut konsultan komunikasi dan pemasaran lebih cermat dalam membuat pendekatan komunikasi online. Memahami behavior internet user ketika berinteraksi di user generated content adalah hal yang wajib dilakukan sebelum memutuskan membuat komunikasi yang berbentuk diskursif.&lt;br /&gt;Alih-alih ingin melibatkan konsumen dalam berkomunikasi, bisa-bisa malah jadi PR buruk, seperti yang dialami oleh Mizone ketika melakukan kampanye awaskecolongan.com. Bahkan blog Virus Communications yang mencoba mengupas campaign ini dari sisi yang positif pun, tak bisa menahan obrolan yang cenderung menganggap campain ini ngga paham insight komunitas online.&lt;br /&gt;Untuk para pemilik brand: Ada 32 juta internet user di Indonesia yang mostly adalah potential buyer. Angka ini jauh meninggalkan jumlah pembaca koran. Seriuslah menggarap mereka, atau kompetitor Anda yang akan melakukannya.&lt;br /&gt;PS:Silahkan googling istilah online behavior, dan Anda akan mendapatkan banyak contoh tentang online behavior itu sendiri serta perkembangannya. (Iim Fahima Jachja)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7061784259311529797-4288373787543773131?l=endri-kusumah.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://virtual.co.id/blog/online-behavior/mengapa-mengabaikan-online-consumer-insight/' title='Insight'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/feeds/4288373787543773131/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7061784259311529797&amp;postID=4288373787543773131' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/4288373787543773131'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/4288373787543773131'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/2008/03/insight.html' title='Insight'/><author><name>Dede</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05004917547092378390</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='29' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pCptHLaJmzQ/TWXAB7OeW0I/AAAAAAAAAIM/_UlpBl3jG30/s220/images%2B%25286%2529.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7061784259311529797.post-428329256082218115</id><published>2008-02-08T03:44:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-02-23T03:46:23.007-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Entrepreneurs'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='liburan'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='work'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Think'/><title type='text'>Bergerak</title><content type='html'>&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Verdana', 'sans-serif';font-size:14;color:#990000;"&gt;BERGERAK&lt;?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Verdana', 'sans-serif';font-size:8;color:#990000;"&gt;Renald ഖസാളി&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Verdana', 'sans-serif';font-size:8;color:#990000;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Verdana', 'sans-serif';font-size:8;color:#990000;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Verdana', 'sans-serif';font-size:8;color:#990000;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Verdana', 'sans-serif';color:#990000;"&gt;"Sebagian besar orang yang melihat belum tentu bergerak, dan yang bergerak belum tentu menyelesaikan (perubahan)." Kalimat ini mungkin sudah pernah Anda baca dalam buku baru saya, "CHANGE".&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Verdana', 'sans-serif';color:#990000;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Minggu lalu, dalam sebuah seminar yang diselenggarakan Indosat, iseng-iseng saya mengeluarkan dua lembaran Rp 50.000. Di tengah-tengah ratusan orang yang tengah menyimak isi buku, saya tawarkan uang itu. "Silahkan, siapa yang mau boleh ambil," ujar saya. Saya menunduk ke bawah menghindari tatapan ke muka audiens sambil menjulurkan uang Rp 100.000. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Verdana', 'sans-serif';color:#990000;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Seperti yang saya duga, hampir semua audiens hanya diam terkesima. Saya ulangi kalimat saya beberapa kali dengan mimik muka yang lebih serius. Beberapa orang tampak tersenyum, ada yang mulai menarik badannya dari sandaran kursi, yang lain lagi menendang kaki temannya. Seorang ibu menyuruh temannya maju, tetapi mereka semua tak bergerak. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;font-family:'Verdana', 'sans-serif';color:#990000;" lang="PT-BR"  &gt;Belakangan, dua orang pria maju ke depan sambil celingak-celinguk.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;font-family:'Verdana', 'sans-serif';color:#990000;" lang="PT-BR"  &gt;&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Orang yang maju dari sisi sebelah kanan mulanya bergerak cepat, tapi ia segera menghentikan langkahnya dan termangu, begitu melihat seseorang dari sisi sebelah kiri lebih cepat ke depan. Ia lalu kembali ke kursinya.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;font-family:'Verdana', 'sans-serif';color:#990000;" lang="PT-BR"  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;font-family:'Verdana', 'sans-serif';color:#990000;" lang="PT-BR"  &gt;Sekarang hanya tinggal satu orang saja yang sudah berada di depan saya. Gerakannya begitu cepat, tapi tangannya berhenti manakala uang itu disentuhnya. Saya dapat merasakan tarikan uang yang dilakukan dengan keragu-raguan. Semua audiens tertegun. Saya ulangi pesan Saya, "Silahkan ambil, silahkan ambil." Ia menatap wajah saya, dan saya pun menatapnya dengan wajah lucu. Audiens tertawa melihat keberanian anak muda itu. Saya ulangi lagi kalimat saya,dan Ia pun merampas uang kertas itu dari tangan saya dan kembali ke kursinya. Semua audiens tertawa terbahak-bahak. Seseorang lalu berteriak, "Kembalikan,kembalikan!" Saya mengatakan, "Tidak usah. Uang itu sudah menjadi miliknya." Setidaknya, dengan permainan itu seseorang telah menjadi lebih kaya Rp.100.000. Saya tanya kepada mereka, mengapa hampir semua diam, tak bergerak. Bukankah uang yang saya sodorkan tadi adalah sebuah kesempatan? Mereka pun menjawab dengan berbagai alasan: "Saya pikir Bapak cuma main-main ............" "Nanti uangnya toh diambil lagi." "Malu-maluin aja." "Saya tidak mau kelihatan nafsu. Kita harus tetap terlihat cool!" "Saya enggak yakin Bapak benar-benar akan memberikan uang itu ....." "Pasti ada orang lain yang lebih membutuhkannya...." "Saya harus tunggu dulu instruksi yang lebih jelas....." "Saya takut salah, nanti cuma jadi tertawaan doang........." "Saya, kan duduk jauh di belakang..." dan seterusnya. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="mso-ansi-language: FI;font-family:'Verdana', 'sans-serif';color:#990000;" lang="FI"  &gt;Saya jelaskan bahwa jawaban mereka sama persis dengan tindakan mereka sehari-hari. Hampir setiap saat kita dilewati oleh rangkaian opportunity (kesempatan), tetapi kesempatan itu dibiarkan pergi begitu saja. Yang gila itu adalah yang selalu mengharapkan perubahan, sementara itu tetap melakukan hal yang sama dari hari ke hari.....,"&lt;br /&gt;Pembaca, di dalam bisnis, gagasan, pendidikan, pemerintahan dan sebagainya, saya kira kita semua menghadapi masalah yang sama. Mungkin benar kata teman saya tadi, kita semua mengharapkan perubahan, tapi kita tak tahu harus mulai dari mana. Akibatnya kita semua hanya melakukan hal yang sama dari hari ke hari, jadi omong kosong perubahan akan datang. Perubahan hanya bisa datang kalau orang-orang mau bergerak bukan hanya dengan omongan saja.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Verdana', 'sans-serif';color:#990000;"&gt;Seperti kata Jack Canfield,yang menulis buku Chicken Soup for the Soul,yang membedakan antara winners dengan losers adalah "Winners take action. They simply get up and do what has to be done". Selamat bergerak.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;font-family:'Verdana', 'sans-serif';color:#990000;" lang="PT-BR"  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Verdana', 'sans-serif';color:#990000;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7061784259311529797-428329256082218115?l=endri-kusumah.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/428329256082218115'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7061784259311529797/posts/default/428329256082218115'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://endri-kusumah.blogspot.com/2008/02/bergerak.html' title='Bergerak'/><author><name>Dede</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05004917547092378390</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='29' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pCptHLaJmzQ/TWXAB7OeW0I/AAAAAAAAAIM/_UlpBl3jG30/s220/images%2B%25286%2529.jpg'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7061784259311529797.post-4604380650096393782</id><published>2008-01-05T03:41:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-02-23T03:43:56.998-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='work'/><title type='text'>വര്‍ക്കിംഗ്‌ Smart</title><content type='html'>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt; &lt;p align="left"&gt;Continued&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Page - 1&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Working Smart&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Did you turn to this section first? With all the discussion about teamwork&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;and empowerment that takes place in our current work environments, you would&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;suppose that nothing more need be said. It isn’t so.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Our busy, hectic, schedule-packed work days and personal lives often find&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;us falling short of something . . . respect for one another. People around the&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;world work together every day, even if they are not friends. If we would merely&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;remember something from our pre-kindergarten days, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;do unto others as you&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;would have them do unto you&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;, the workplace might have a more amenable&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;atmosphere.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Today, more than ever, the ability to be flexible with others, and to adapt to&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;other work styles and habits will take us a long way in our careers. We need to&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;be open in our communications with the public we serve and with each other—&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;to directly communicate with each other! So many misunderstandings encountered&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;today could be rapidly diffused if only the individuals had talked &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;with&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;each other rather than &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;to &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;other people!&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;The world is rapidly changing, and our work environment is changing along&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;with it. The electronic revolution has caused us to work at warp speed every&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;day. Information that used to take two or three days via the U.S. Postal Service&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;is transmitted immediately with faxes and e-mail. We find that it is important to&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;be ready to respond immediately as well! This takes its toll emotionally and&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;physically on us. That’s why it is so important to be polite and respectful to&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;each other. After all, we are all &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;trying &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;to row the boat in the same direction . . .&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;to present current information to our citizens. We need to remember the goal,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;the light at the end of the tunnel, the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;big picture&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;. Those that lose sight of the big&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;picture will find that it affects their work performance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Work Styles&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Many of us have probably been exposed (or subjected to) some type of&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;personality test. You may have discovered you are a &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;True Blue &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;with &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Action&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Orange &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;overtones.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:78%;"&gt;1 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Or, perhaps you are a &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;concrete sequential &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;or &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;abstract&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;random&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:78%;"&gt;2&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Each of us have individual strengths and weaknesses that make us who we&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;are. The key to success lies in acknowledging these traits, working with them,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;and adapting ourselves to others.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Perhaps you are a morning person. Over time you may have discovered that&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;it is to your best advantage to tackle projects requiring more energy first thing.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Some prefer to plan their work in advance, while others fly by the seat of their&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;pants. Any of these sound familiar? The important thing is to recognize your&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;style and the styles of the people you work with. You may be able to save&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;yourself some frustration and get more work accomplished along the way!&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Teamwork gets things done!&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:180%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:180%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Interoffice&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Relationships&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:78%;"&gt;Matrixx System Copyright 1993 NCTI&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:78%;"&gt;Gregorc Style Delineator Copyright 1982, 1985, Anthony F. Gregorc, Ph.D.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:180%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:180%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Work Styles&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:7;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:7;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;7 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:7;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:7;"&gt;Working Smart&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Page - 2&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Working Smart Continued&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Your Career&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;If there is one thing we can count on it is change. Not many employees these days&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;could say that they will be employed by the same company for 25-30 years. This is&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;definitely a change from when our parents and grandparents were in the work force!&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Joan Lloyd, an author, consultant, and speaker on workplace issues, has some good&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;advice when she suggests you “Begin thinking of yourself as a business of one.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Develop a freelance mentality. For example, pretend you are contracting with your&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;current employer rather than an employee. How does this change your approach to&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;work? Would you make sure your ‘client’ loves your work? Would you be on the&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;lookout for new projects? Would you be careful to build relationships within this client&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;company? Of course you would!”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;She also suggests that you add value to your work. She explains, “If you are only&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;doing your job description by the book you are nothing more than a ‘pair of hands.’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;And just any old pair of hands will do – you are expendable. Instead of doing what’s&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;expected, find ways to make your work stand out because you think ahead, solve&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;problems, and offer new ideas. If you were really freelancing, wouldn’t you make&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;sure your products and services added more value than the competition?”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Finally, Joan suggests that employees need to “Build a reputation for solving&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;problems. Did you ever notice that the same people always seem to get on task&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;forces and committees? Start thinking of yourself as one of those people and&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;raise your hand and get involved.” It has become increasingly important to&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;keep your education, skills, computer knowledge, and teamwork abilities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;current.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Other areas where you can enhance your reputation and your career are in&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;your control. These areas include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;• Follow through – Say what you mean and mean what you say. The&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;old phrase “actions speak louder than words” is referred to a lot&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;lately. If you tell someone you are going to do something then JUST&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;DO IT. If something unforeseen happens and you can’t follow&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;through, then communicate that to the other people involved. You&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;could also title this category dependability. Can others rely on you?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;• Gossip – Participation is simply unprofessional. How would you like&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;your physician’s receptionist discussing your private medical concerns&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;to friends at the pool? If there are interpersonal problems, it is&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;always best to handle them one-on-one in a focused fashion with the&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;people directly involved. Dragging others through the mud only&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;sidetracks and distracts the whole office team.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;• Time management – Be well organized. Know your deadlines and&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;work commitments. Advanced planning will help lower your stress level&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;every day! Be sure to plan free time and fun. Time to recharge your&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;batteries is important. Spend time doing a hobby or other activity you&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;enjoy, spend time with your family, spend time with friends, or veg out in&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;the backyard! JUST DO IT!&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Problem solvers go far.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;"Successful teams build&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;on the strengths of&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;individual members."&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;from&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;"Winning with Teamwork"&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:180%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:180%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Your Career&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Continued&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Page - 3&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Working Smart&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Managing Your Work&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;We are all managers. We direct, handle, and control our time, resources, and&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;work. While some have responsibilities for their own work, others are responsible for&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;several employees, or an entire office. Today’s workplace is so complicated that&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;some of the old traditional ways of the workplace do not seem appropriate anymore.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Even managers are confused with the changes today. In a recent column, Joan&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Lloyd addressed management issues:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Managers are confused about empowerment . . . the leader who&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;empowers treats employees as adults instead of subordinates. Let’s&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;compare the micro-manager “&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;M&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;” and the empowering manager “&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;E&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;M &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;believes that employees will try to get away with as much as possible&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;unless you check up on them and let them know who’s boss. On the&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;other hand, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;E &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;operates from the philosophy that most employees want to&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;do the right thing and they enjoy a challenge. Ironically, both managers&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;end up reinforcing their own theories, since they’re self-fulfilling. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;M&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;treats people like children who can’t be trusted and, sure enough, his&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;resentful employees begin proving him right. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;E &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;puts a lot of trust in his&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;employees and they usually don’t let him down.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;M &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;thinks most employees only work for a paycheck. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;E &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;believes that&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;employees are motivated when they are growing and taking on new&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;challenges. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;M &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;treats employees like a dispensable pair of hands. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;E&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;works with each employee to find out what their goals and abilities are&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;and looks for opportunities to develop the employee by giving them&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;larger areas of responsibility or projects in which they’re interested.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;M &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;thinks of himself as an important decision-maker and a supervisor of&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;people. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;E &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;thinks of himself as a leader who is pointing the way toward&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;organizational goals and a teacher/coach who educates his employees so&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;together they can make better decisions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;M &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;orders people to do what she wants and she gets compliance by&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;threatening them. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;M&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;’s employees do what she wants but they tend&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;to hide mistakes, make excuses and only do what they are told. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;E&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;explains the results she’s looking for, and gives employees more&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;freedom to solve problems on their own, learn from their mistakes,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;and suggest improvement ideas. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;E &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;doesn’t accept excuses either;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;she insists that employees take responsibility for their own behavior.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;M &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;makes the decisions and only tells people what they need to know. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;E&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;makes decisions, too, but includes people whenever possible. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;E &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;operates&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;on a continuum of decision-making . . . the more it will affect employees&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;and will require their buy in, the more she invites involvement.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Who do you want to work for - &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;M &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;or &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;E&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:180%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:180%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Managing&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Do you ever feel like this?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Try using your planner.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Page - 4&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Working Smart Continued&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Empowerment is a lot more than delegating responsibility and accountability.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;It requires creating a new culture where employees are able to think and act&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;like “owners” because they have the information they need to make the right&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;decisions and the right environment that supports them.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Employees are trying to accomplish more technical work in less time than&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;ever before. It cannot be stressed enough that these same employees need to&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;have input in the office. We value employee input—after all our employees are&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;the front line. Our secretaries greet clients in person and on the phone, our&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;educators, community workers, and program assistants are presenting programs&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;to customers, and our unit leaders are representing University of Illinois Extension&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;with every contact they make. Doesn’t it make sense to have the best&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;possible people in our offices to accomplish our mission? If this is true, we must&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;trust and train employees to do their work. They need the latitude to fulfill this&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;mission in a business-like fashion. There is no time today to micro-manage&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;staff. They are adults . . . they are accountable for their work.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Be a Better Communicator&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Recently Joan Lloyd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:78%;"&gt;3 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;had this to say about how to be a better communicator:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;• &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;If people only talked to each other, most of the conflict in the workplace&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;would disappear. Instead, it seems when we are wounded by someone or&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;disagree with something they’ve done we end up talking to everyone&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;except the person who’s directly involved.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;• &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;We wander down the hall and talk to a co-worker . . . mention it to our&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;lunch buddies . . . complain about it to our spouse. We spread the negative&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;poison around the organization, drag unwitting co-workers into the fray,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;sully reputations and, in the end, erode the trust that comes from open,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;honest, face-to-face communication.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;• &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Where did we ever get the idea that confronting someone face-to-face&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;had to be such a horrible encounter. Are we all so worried about being&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;“nice” that we’ve opted for being spineless? And when did we get&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;confused about the perils of telling people the truth? What about the perils&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;of not telling them the truth? Our organizations are paying a big price for&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;this ‘smile to your face/talk behind your back’ communication style. It&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;costs millions in wasted time and lost productivity, in addition to a human&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;price in broken trust and lost respect.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;• &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Now don’t get me wrong . . . I’m not advocating brutal honesty and&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;confrontation that strips away self-esteem and dignity. I’m talking about&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;the respectful, caring communication that says, ‘I care about our&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;relationship. Something’s bothering me and I thought it was important to&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;talk to you about it directly so we could reach an understanding.’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;• &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;I think most people are afraid. They’re afraid of hurting someone’s&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;feelings. They’re afraid of sounding ‘negative’ or ‘making waves.’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:78%;"&gt;We would like to gratefully acknowledge Joan Lloyd for her permission to include information&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;from her newspaper columns.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;This fellow may increase&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;his effectiveness with&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;another leadership style.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Continued&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Page - 5&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Working Smart&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;They’re afraid of the backlash that can come from a conflict that&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;escalates into a fight. They’re afraid of de-motivating employees. They’re&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;afraid of not being liked. They’re afraid of collecting political baggage.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;They’re afraid of not getting ahead or losing their job.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;If you’re guilty of side-talk instead of straight-talk here are some behaviors that&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;can help:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;• Use the ‘best intentions’ approach. Most people don’t intentionally wake&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;up in the morning and think to themselves, ‘I’m going to really hurt her&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;feelings today!’ Most people have the very best intentions. But it’s those&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;good intentions that keep getting us into trouble because others don’t&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;know our intentions . . . they only judge our actions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;• When approaching another person about a conflict say, ‘I’m sure you had&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;good intentions when you . . . but let me tell you how it looked from my&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;perspective . . .’ Rather than waving the finger of blame in someone&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;else’s face, just talk about the affect it had on you.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;• Use the ‘I’m just getting your advice’ approach sparingly. A lot of&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;damage can be done by going to person after person ‘seeking advice’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;about how to handle a conflict situation. It can become a way to see how&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;many people are on your side.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;• Start by looking for things for which you should take responsibility. The&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;beauty of opening any conflict resolution session with self-disclosure is&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;that you bring the other person’s defenses down immediately and problem&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;solving can occur.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;• Be as open and honest as you can, while preserving self-respect and&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;dignity. This is the very heart and soul of building trust. Sugar-coating your&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;message or smoothing over the seriousness only destroys trust. If you&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;respect the other person and want to remove barriers that are getting in&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;the way, the only way to build trust is to be open, honest and straightforward.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;But in order to preserve the relationship, you must let people&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;maintain their dignity and save face.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;• Does this sound pretty basic? You bet. It also is just plain good common&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;sense . . . but common sense isn’t so common . . . we all have to work&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;at it.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Listening&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Try to keep in mind the old axiom used in real estate . . . location, location, location.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;When you think of communication try . . . listen, listen, listen. We think of&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;communicating as a two-way street. You talk, I listen. Unfortunately, it doesn’t&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;always work that way! Most of us would rather &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;talk &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;than &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;listen&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;You might try the following &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Active Listening Techniques&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;• Pay attention to non-verbal language. Body language gives important&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;clues to attitudes and feelings. Notice posture, gestures, facial expression,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;and eye contact.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;• Concentrate and work at listening, it’s hard work. If your mind wanders&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;and you lose your attention, the speaker will notice and think you aren’t&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;sincerely interested.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;This poor fellow looks like a&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;victim of "side-talk"&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Page - 6&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Working Smart Continued&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;• Be accepting of what is said, without judging or evaluating.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;• Avoid the temptation to jump into the conversation with stories and&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;examples of your own. Making a few attempts at commonalities is helpful,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;but making too many detracts from the speaker’s thoughts.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;• Be empathetic. Put yourself in the place of the speaker: imagining&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;how he or she is thinking and feeling.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;• Listen to the “para language”. . .the tone of voice is a good indicator&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;of a person’s emotional state. Listen for tone, the pitch, hesitation or&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;stuttering, loudness, rate, fluency and inflection.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;• Guard against asking questions which may get the speaker off the&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;track. There are several skills that will help:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;(1) Gathering information . . . “tell me more about that,” “let’s see&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;if I have heard it correctly.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;(2) Clarifying . . . practice reflective listening by paraphrasing and/&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;or summarizing . . . “in other words, you’re saying,” “it sounds like&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;you are,” “is this what you mean?”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;(3) Summarizing . . . by summarizing what has been said, you give the&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;speaker feedback that helps you understand and shows the speaker&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;that he or she has been heard.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;• Add any considerations you think are important.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Other tips for improving communication and listening include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;• Stop talking! You cannot listen if you are talking.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;• Learn to want to listen - you must have desire, interest, selfdiscipline,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;concentration.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;• Resist the temptation to daydream.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;• Be a “whole-body” listener. Listen with your ears, eyes, and&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;heart.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;• Control distractions. Don’t doodle, open the mail, or make phone&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;calls.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;• Hold your temper. An angry person takes the wrong meaning&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;from words.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;• Go easy on argument and criticism. This puts people on the&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;defensive, and they may clam up or become angry.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;• Ask questions. This encourages a talker and shows that you are listening.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;It helps to develop points further.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;• Nature gave people two ears but only one tongue, which is a&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;gentle hint that they should listen more than they talk.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;• Listening requires two ears, one for meaning and one for feeling.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;• Decision makers who do not listen have less information for&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;making sound decisions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Conflict Management&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;The chart in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Appendix A &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;provides some information about behaviors you might&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;have encountered and behaviors that you could use positively in the future.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Please refer to &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Appendix B &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;for a &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Conflict Management Style Survey &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;you can&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;use to do your own self-assessment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Good listening = good&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;communication&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:180%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:180%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Listening&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Continued&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Page - 7&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Working Smart&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;The Light at the End of the Tunnel&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Above all, when we go about our daily work and interact with co-workers&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;and the public, we need to keep in mind the reason we are all here.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;To enable people to improve their lives and communities through learning&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;partnerships that put knowledge to work.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;As one of our regional directors often puts it, “What have you done today&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;to help the citizens of the State of Illinois?” Let’s also be sure to put knowledge&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;to work on ourselves too.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:180%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:180%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;The Light&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;at the End&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;of the Tunnel&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Appendix A-1&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;What works What doesn’t&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Simply state your needs and concerns. Argue your position. Come on strong.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Listen. Acknowledge what is being said. Question the other person&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;s point of reference.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Challenge his values, point out weakness of other&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;s&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;thinking.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Clarify what the other party means. Interpret. Make assumptions, jump to conclusions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Invite criticism. Clarify what underlies that Defend yourself. Fight back.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;criticism. Encourage venting&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;—&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;letting off steam.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Acknowledge the feeling expressed, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;I can&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;see why you&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;d be angry over that.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Agree. Acknowledge any truths in their Disagree. Focus on areas of dispute.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;statements (accusations). Seek out areas of&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;agreement. Focus on common concerns.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Focus on the problem, not the person. Focus on the personalities involved. Criticize.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Describe the problem in terms of the impact Keep score, teach them a lesson. Focus on what&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;you feel, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;I feel we are not getting equal the other side has said or done.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;treatment,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;instead of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;You are a male&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;chauvinist.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Encourage joint problem solving. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;We&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;re in Impose your will. Solve the problem for them.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;this together.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;Use force.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Broaden your choices. Break problem into Push for a solution (yours). Don&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;t back down.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;smaller more manageable parts.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Clarify the criteria on which this judgment is Play on their emotions. Moralize. Argue the&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;to be made. Seek objectivity. When things rightness of your position. Make it a game,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;get heated take a break. egg them on.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Compromise. Find a solution acceptable to Win out over the other side. Enforce majority&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;both sides. vote. Line up support. Refuse compromise.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Take it to a higher authority.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Affirm the person. Give positive support Belittle the person. Weaken the opposition.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;equal in strength to the vigor with which you Wear them down. Be strong.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;attack the problem. Give credit, value the&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;relationship.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Be firm but considerate and open. Share your Be nice. Cover up your real feelings. Avoid&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;real feelings in a nonthreatening manner. confrontation, be submissive, give in, it&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;s not&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;worth the hassle.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:180%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:180%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Conflict Management Behaviors&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Appendix B-1&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:180%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:180%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Conflict Management Style Survey&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Instructions: Choose a single frame of reference and keep it in mind as you answer the questions. Select a real&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;community issue in which you have been involved, for example, school financing, street&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;improvement, lack of animal control outside the city limits, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Allocate 10 points among the four alternative answers given for each of the 15 items below.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Example: When the people I lead become involved in a personal conflict, I usually:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Intervene to settle Call a meeting to talk&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;the dispute. over the problem. Offer to help if I can. Ignore the problem.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Be certain that your answers add up to 10.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;1. When someone I care about is actively hostile toward me, i.e., yelling, threatening, abusive, etc., I tend to:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Try to persuade the&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;person to give up&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Respond in a hostile his/her actively Stay and listen as long&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;hostile manner. hostile behavior. as possible. Walk away.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;2. When someone who is relatively unimportant to me is actively hostile toward me, i.e., yelling, threatening,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;abusive, etc., I tend to:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Try to persuade the&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;person to give up&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Respond in a his/her actively Stay and listen as&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;hostile manner. hostile behavior. long as possible. Walk away.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;3. When I observe people in conflicts in which anger, threats, hostility and strong opinions are present, I tend&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;to:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Become involved&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;and take a Observe to see what Leave as quickly&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;position. Attempt to mediate. happens. as possible.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;4. When I observe another person as meeting his/her needs at my expense, I am apt to:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Work to do Rely on persuasion&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;anything I can to and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;facts&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;when Work hard at&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;change that attempting to have changing how I relate Accept the situation&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;person. that person change. to that person. as it is.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Appendix B-2&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;5. When involved in an interpersonal dispute, my general pattern is to:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Draw the other Let time take its&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;person into Examine the issues Look hard for a course and let the&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;seeing the problem between us as workable problem work&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;as I do. logically as possible compromise. itself out.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;6. The quality that I value the most in dealing with conflict would be:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Emotional strength&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;and security. Intelligence. Love and openness. Patience.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;7. Following a serious altercation with someone I care for deeply, I:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Want to go back and Worry about it a lot&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Strongly desire to work it out&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;—&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;"&gt;whatever but not plan to Let it lie and not&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;go back and settle give-and-take is initiate further plan further&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;things my way. necessary. contact. contact.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;8. When I see serious conflict developing between two people I care about, I tend to:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Express my&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;disappointment Attempt to persuade&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;that this had to them to resolve their Watch to see what&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;happen. differences. develops. Leave the scene.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;9. When I see serious conflict developing between two people who are relatively unimportant to me, I tend to:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Express my&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;disappointment Attempt to persuade&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;that this had to them to resolve their Watch to see what&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;happen. differences. develops. Leave the scene.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;10. The feedback that I receive from most people about how I behave when faced with conflict and opposition&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;indicates that I:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Try to work out Am easygoing and take&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Try hard to get my differences a soft or conciliatory Usually avoid the&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;way. cooperatively. position. conflict.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-
